From c64ad935a8d2a6b864fdcd84d4296e2d625d5b2f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hunter Achieng <achienghunter@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Apr 2026 23:39:21 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 01/12] add multi-range support

Signed-off-by: Hunter Achieng <achienghunter@gmail.com>
---
 packages/googlesheets/package.json   |  3 +-
 packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js | 42 ++++++++++----
 packages/googlesheets/test/index.js  | 83 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 pnpm-lock.yaml                       | 34 ++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 148 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/googlesheets/package.json b/packages/googlesheets/package.json
index 175b546e54..8d157d0b26 100644
--- a/packages/googlesheets/package.json
+++ b/packages/googlesheets/package.json
@@ -41,7 +41,8 @@
     "chai": "4.3.6",
     "deep-eql": "4.1.1",
     "nock": "13.2.9",
-    "rimraf": "3.0.2"
+    "rimraf": "3.0.2",
+    "sinon": "^21.1.2"
   },
   "type": "module",
   "types": "types/index.d.ts",
diff --git a/packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js b/packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js
index 9a17e0cb4f..7cf410896e 100644
--- a/packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js
+++ b/packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ export function appendValues(params, callback = s => s) {
 /**
  * Batch update values in a Spreadsheet.
  * @example
+ * <caption>Update a single range</caption>
  * batchUpdateValues({
  *   spreadsheetId: '1O-a4_RgPF_p8W3I6b5M9wobA3-CBW8hLClZfUik5sos',
  *   range: 'Sheet1!A1:E1',
@@ -147,13 +148,25 @@ export function appendValues(params, callback = s => s) {
  *     ['Really now!', '$100', '1', '3/20/2016'],
  *   ],
  * })
+ * @example
+ * <caption>Update multiple non-contiguous ranges</caption>
+ * batchUpdateValues({
+ *   spreadsheetId: '1O-a4_RgPF_p8W3I6b5M9wobA3-CBW8hLClZfUik5sos',
+ *   data: [
+ *     { range: 'Sheet1!A1', values: [['value1']] },
+ *     { range: 'Sheet1!B5', values: [['value2']] },
+ *     { range: 'Sheet1!D10:E11', values: [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']] },
+ *   ],
+ *   valueInputOption: 'RAW',
+ * })
  * @function
  * @public
  * @param {Object} params - Data object to add to the spreadsheet.
  * @param {string} [params.spreadsheetId] The spreadsheet ID.
- * @param {string} [params.range] The range of values to update.
+ * @param {string} [params.range] The range of values to update (single-range form).
  * @param {string} [params.valueInputOption] (Optional) Value update options. Defaults to 'USER_ENTERED'
- * @param {array} [params.values] A 2d array of values to update.
+ * @param {array} [params.values] A 2d array of values to update (single-range form).
+ * @param {array} [params.data] An array of ValueRange objects `({ range, values })` for updating multiple ranges at once.
  * @param {function} callback - (Optional) callback function
  * @returns {Operation} spreadsheet information
  */
@@ -166,20 +179,27 @@ export function batchUpdateValues(params, callback = s => s) {
       range,
       valueInputOption = 'USER_ENTERED',
       values,
+      data,
     } = resolvedParams;
 
-    if (!values || values.length === 0) {
-      console.log('Warning: empty values array');
-      return state;
+    let rangeData;
+
+    if (data !== undefined) {
+      if (!data || data.length === 0) {
+        console.log('Warning: empty data array');
+        return state;
+      }
+      rangeData = data;
+    } else {
+      if (!values || values.length === 0) {
+        console.log('Warning: empty values array');
+        return state;
+      }
+      rangeData = [{ range, values }];
     }
 
     const resource = {
-      data: [
-        {
-          range,
-          values,
-        },
-      ],
+      data: rangeData,
       valueInputOption,
     };
     try {
diff --git a/packages/googlesheets/test/index.js b/packages/googlesheets/test/index.js
index 18a84935a7..f5a082be5f 100644
--- a/packages/googlesheets/test/index.js
+++ b/packages/googlesheets/test/index.js
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import { expect } from 'chai';
+import sinon from 'sinon';
+import { google } from 'googleapis';
 
-import { execute ,appendValues, batchUpdateValues } from '../src/index.js';
+import { execute, appendValues, batchUpdateValues } from '../src/index.js';
 
 
 describe('execute', () => {
@@ -55,7 +57,7 @@ describe('append', () =>{
 });
 
 describe('batchUpdateValues', () =>{
-  it('should  return early if the values array is undefined or nullish', async() => {
+  it('should return early if the values array is undefined or nullish', async() => {
     const state = {
       data: [],
     }
@@ -67,4 +69,81 @@ describe('batchUpdateValues', () =>{
     })(state);
     expect(result).to.eql(state);
   });
+
+  it('should return early if the data array is empty', async() => {
+    const state = {
+      data: [],
+    };
+
+    const result = await batchUpdateValues({
+      spreadsheetId: '123-456-789',
+      data: [],
+    })(state);
+    expect(result).to.eql(state);
+  });
+
+  describe('with mocked Google Sheets client', () => {
+    let sandbox;
+    let mockBatchUpdate;
+
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      sandbox = sinon.createSandbox();
+
+      mockBatchUpdate = sandbox.stub().resolves({
+        data: { totalUpdatedCells: 3 },
+      });
+
+      sandbox.stub(google, 'sheets').returns({
+        spreadsheets: {
+          values: { batchUpdate: mockBatchUpdate },
+        },
+      });
+    });
+
+    afterEach(() => {
+      sandbox.restore();
+    });
+
+    it('should send multi-range data directly to the API', async () => {
+      const state = { configuration: { access_token: 'mock-token' }, data: {} };
+      const multiRangeData = [
+        { range: 'Sheet1!A1', values: [['value1']] },
+        { range: 'Sheet1!B5', values: [['value2']] },
+        { range: 'Sheet1!D10:E11', values: [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']] },
+      ];
+
+      await execute(
+        batchUpdateValues({
+          spreadsheetId: '123-456-789',
+          data: multiRangeData,
+          valueInputOption: 'RAW',
+        })
+      )(state);
+
+      expect(mockBatchUpdate.calledOnce).to.be.true;
+      const { resource } = mockBatchUpdate.firstCall.args[0];
+      expect(resource.data).to.deep.equal(multiRangeData);
+      expect(resource.valueInputOption).to.equal('RAW');
+    });
+
+    it('should wrap single range/values into a data array (fallback)', async () => {
+      const state = { configuration: { access_token: 'mock-token' }, data: {} };
+
+      await execute(
+        batchUpdateValues({
+          spreadsheetId: '123-456-789',
+          range: 'Sheet1!A1:B2',
+          values: [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']],
+          valueInputOption: 'USER_ENTERED',
+        })
+      )(state);
+
+      expect(mockBatchUpdate.calledOnce).to.be.true;
+      const { resource } = mockBatchUpdate.firstCall.args[0];
+      expect(resource.data).to.deep.equal([
+        { range: 'Sheet1!A1:B2', values: [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']] },
+      ]);
+      expect(resource.valueInputOption).to.equal('USER_ENTERED');
+    });
+  });
 });
diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index 519efacada..1ed33ca19e 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -1127,6 +1127,9 @@ importers:
       rimraf:
         specifier: 3.0.2
         version: 3.0.2
+      sinon:
+        specifier: ^21.1.2
+        version: 21.1.2
 
   packages/hive:
     dependencies:
@@ -5228,12 +5231,18 @@ packages:
   '@sinonjs/fake-timers@15.1.0':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-cqfapCxwTGsrR80FEgOoPsTonoefMBY7dnUEbQ+GRcved0jvkJLzvX6F4WtN+HBqbPX/SiFsIRUp+IrCW/2I2w==}
 
+  '@sinonjs/fake-timers@15.3.2':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-mrn35Jl2pCpns+mE3HaZa1yPN5EYCRgiMI+135COjr2hr8Cls9DXqIZ57vZe2cz7y2XVSq92tcs6kGQcT1J8Rw==}
+
   '@sinonjs/fake-timers@6.0.1':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-MZPUxrmFubI36XS1DI3qmI0YdN1gks62JtFZvxR67ljjSNCeK6U08Zx4msEWOXuofgqUt6zPHSi1H9fbjR/NRA==}
 
   '@sinonjs/fake-timers@9.1.2':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-BPS4ynJW/o92PUR4wgriz2Ud5gpST5vz6GQfMixEDK0Z8ZCUv2M7SkBLykH56T++Xs+8ln9zTGbOvNGIe02/jw==}
 
+  '@sinonjs/samsam@10.0.2':
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-8lVwD1Df1BmzoaOLhMcGGcz/Jyr5QY2KSB75/YK1QgKzoabTeLdIVyhXNZK9ojfSKSdirbXqdbsXXqP9/Ve8+A==}
+
   '@sinonjs/samsam@5.3.1':
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-1Hc0b1TtyfBu8ixF/tpfSHTVWKwCBLY4QJbkgnE7HcwyvT2xArDxb4K7dMgqRm3szI+LJbzmW/s4xxEhv6hwDg==}
 
@@ -7319,6 +7328,10 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-qejHi7bcSD4hQAZE0tNAawRK1ZtafHDmMTMkrrIGgSLl7hTnQHmKCeB45xAcbfTqK2zowkM3j3bHt/4b/ARbYQ==}
     engines: {node: '>=0.3.1'}
 
+  diff@8.0.4:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-DPi0FmjiSU5EvQV0++GFDOJ9ASQUVFh5kD+OzOnYdi7n3Wpm9hWWGfB/O2blfHcMVTL5WkQXSnRiK9makhrcnw==}
+    engines: {node: '>=0.3.1'}
+
   dir-glob@3.0.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-WkrWp9GR4KXfKGYzOLmTuGVi1UWFfws377n9cc55/tb6DuqyF6pcQ5AbiHEshaDpY9v6oaSr2XCDidGmMwdzIA==}
     engines: {node: '>=8'}
@@ -10901,6 +10914,9 @@ packages:
   sinon@21.0.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-Z0NVCW45W8Mg5oC/27/+fCqIHFnW8kpkFOq0j9XJIev4Ld0mKmERaZv5DMLAb9fGCevjKwaEeIQz5+MBXfZcDw==}
 
+  sinon@21.1.2:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-FS6mN+/bx7e2ajpXkEmOcWB6xBzWiuNoAQT18/+a20SS4U7FSYl8Ms7N6VTUxN/1JAjkx7aXp+THMC8xdpp0gA==}
+
   sinon@9.2.3:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-m+DyAWvqVHZtjnjX/nuShasykFeiZ+nPuEfD4G3gpvKGkXRhkF/6NSt2qN2FjZhfrcHXFzUzI+NLnk+42fnLEw==}
     deprecated: 16.1.1
@@ -14456,6 +14472,10 @@ snapshots:
     dependencies:
       '@sinonjs/commons': 3.0.1
 
+  '@sinonjs/fake-timers@15.3.2':
+    dependencies:
+      '@sinonjs/commons': 3.0.1
+
   '@sinonjs/fake-timers@6.0.1':
     dependencies:
       '@sinonjs/commons': 1.8.6
@@ -14464,6 +14484,11 @@ snapshots:
     dependencies:
       '@sinonjs/commons': 1.8.6
 
+  '@sinonjs/samsam@10.0.2':
+    dependencies:
+      '@sinonjs/commons': 3.0.1
+      type-detect: 4.1.0
+
   '@sinonjs/samsam@5.3.1':
     dependencies:
       '@sinonjs/commons': 1.8.6
@@ -17161,6 +17186,8 @@ snapshots:
 
   diff@8.0.3: {}
 
+  diff@8.0.4: {}
+
   dir-glob@3.0.1:
     dependencies:
       path-type: 4.0.0
@@ -21287,6 +21314,13 @@ snapshots:
       diff: 8.0.3
       supports-color: 7.2.0
 
+  sinon@21.1.2:
+    dependencies:
+      '@sinonjs/commons': 3.0.1
+      '@sinonjs/fake-timers': 15.3.2
+      '@sinonjs/samsam': 10.0.2
+      diff: 8.0.4
+
   sinon@9.2.3:
     dependencies:
       '@sinonjs/commons': 1.8.6

From 2233968f1b8efec8bcd496c059b1521cbb90cf4d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hunter Achieng <achienghunter@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 25 Apr 2026 00:04:54 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 02/12] Add changeset

Signed-off-by: Hunter Achieng <achienghunter@gmail.com>
---
 .changeset/new-things-change.md | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .changeset/new-things-change.md

diff --git a/.changeset/new-things-change.md b/.changeset/new-things-change.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9bd690aca9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/new-things-change.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@openfn/language-googlesheets': minor
+---
+
+`batchUpdateValues()` now accepts a `data` array of `{ range, values }` objects, enabling multi-range updates in a single API call. The existing `range` + `values` params continue to work unchanged.

From 5e89d3c615498a7cf85734c90a55cc7767b98d27 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hunter Achieng <achienghunter@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 25 Apr 2026 00:11:04 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 03/12] fix docs

Signed-off-by: Hunter Achieng <achienghunter@gmail.com>
---
 packages/googlesheets/ast.json       | 24 +++++++++++++++++++++---
 packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js |  2 +-
 2 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/googlesheets/ast.json b/packages/googlesheets/ast.json
index 9d269ab4d1..cce3918056 100644
--- a/packages/googlesheets/ast.json
+++ b/packages/googlesheets/ast.json
@@ -100,7 +100,13 @@
         "tags": [
           {
             "title": "example",
-            "description": "batchUpdateValues({\n  spreadsheetId: '1O-a4_RgPF_p8W3I6b5M9wobA3-CBW8hLClZfUik5sos',\n  range: 'Sheet1!A1:E1',\n  values: [\n    ['From expression', '$15', '2', '3/15/2016'],\n    ['Really now!', '$100', '1', '3/20/2016'],\n  ],\n})"
+            "description": "batchUpdateValues({\n  spreadsheetId: '1O-a4_RgPF_p8W3I6b5M9wobA3-CBW8hLClZfUik5sos',\n  range: 'Sheet1!A1:E1',\n  values: [\n    ['From expression', '$15', '2', '3/15/2016'],\n    ['Really now!', '$100', '1', '3/20/2016'],\n  ],\n})",
+            "caption": "Update a single range"
+          },
+          {
+            "title": "example",
+            "description": "batchUpdateValues({\n  spreadsheetId: '1O-a4_RgPF_p8W3I6b5M9wobA3-CBW8hLClZfUik5sos',\n  data: [\n    { range: 'Sheet1!A1', values: [['value1']] },\n    { range: 'Sheet1!B5', values: [['value2']] },\n    { range: 'Sheet1!D10:E11', values: [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']] },\n  ],\n  valueInputOption: 'RAW',\n})",
+            "caption": "Update multiple ranges"
           },
           {
             "title": "function",
@@ -135,7 +141,7 @@
           },
           {
             "title": "param",
-            "description": "The range of values to update.",
+            "description": "The range of values to update (single-range form).",
             "type": {
               "type": "OptionalType",
               "expression": {
@@ -159,7 +165,7 @@
           },
           {
             "title": "param",
-            "description": "A 2d array of values to update.",
+            "description": "A 2d array of values to update (single-range form).",
             "type": {
               "type": "OptionalType",
               "expression": {
@@ -169,6 +175,18 @@
             },
             "name": "params.values"
           },
+          {
+            "title": "param",
+            "description": "An array of ValueRange objects `({ range, values })` for updating multiple ranges at once.",
+            "type": {
+              "type": "OptionalType",
+              "expression": {
+                "type": "NameExpression",
+                "name": "array"
+              }
+            },
+            "name": "params.data"
+          },
           {
             "title": "param",
             "description": "(Optional) callback function",
diff --git a/packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js b/packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js
index 7cf410896e..d6c006dac7 100644
--- a/packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js
+++ b/packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ export function appendValues(params, callback = s => s) {
  *   ],
  * })
  * @example
- * <caption>Update multiple non-contiguous ranges</caption>
+ * <caption>Update multiple ranges</caption>
  * batchUpdateValues({
  *   spreadsheetId: '1O-a4_RgPF_p8W3I6b5M9wobA3-CBW8hLClZfUik5sos',
  *   data: [

From 1066dd31c2348f6f7a3b3cf664a34a5466dd9a82 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hunter Achieng <achienghunter@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 27 Apr 2026 12:43:30 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 04/12] fix input and remove callback in getValues

Signed-off-by: Hunter Achieng <achienghunter@gmail.com>
---
 .changeset/new-things-change.md      |  44 +++++++++-
 packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js | 125 +++++++++++++--------------
 packages/googlesheets/test/index.js  | 101 ++++++++++++----------
 3 files changed, 156 insertions(+), 114 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.changeset/new-things-change.md b/.changeset/new-things-change.md
index 9bd690aca9..d28e10dc50 100644
--- a/.changeset/new-things-change.md
+++ b/.changeset/new-things-change.md
@@ -1,5 +1,45 @@
 ---
-'@openfn/language-googlesheets': minor
+'@openfn/language-googlesheets': major
 ---
 
-`batchUpdateValues()` now accepts a `data` array of `{ range, values }` objects, enabling multi-range updates in a single API call. The existing `range` + `values` params continue to work unchanged.
+Updated `appendValues()`, `batchUpdateValues()`, and `getValues()` to use positional arguments instead of a single params object.
+
+### Migration Guide
+
+**`appendValues`**
+
+```js
+// Before
+appendValues({
+  spreadsheetId: '1abc...',
+  range: 'Sheet1!A1:E1',
+  values: [['a', 'b']],
+});
+
+// Now
+appendValues('1abc...', { range: 'Sheet1!A1:E1', values: [['a', 'b']] });
+```
+
+**`batchUpdateValues`**
+
+```js
+// Before
+batchUpdateValues({
+  spreadsheetId: '1abc...',
+  range: 'Sheet1!A1',
+  values: [['a']],
+  valueInputOption: 'RAW',
+});
+
+// Now — accepts an array of range/values objects
+batchUpdateValues(
+  '1abc...',
+  [{ range: 'Sheet1!A1', values: [['a']] }],
+  { valueInputOption: 'RAW' }
+);
+```
+
+**`getValues`**
+
+Signature unchanged. Callback parameter has been removed; use `fn()` to transform the response instead.
+
diff --git a/packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js b/packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js
index d6c006dac7..4db780cf54 100644
--- a/packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js
+++ b/packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js
@@ -78,26 +78,36 @@ export function execute(...operations) {
  * https://developers.google.com/sheets/api/samples/writing#append_values
  * @public
  * @example
- * appendValues({
- *   spreadsheetId: '1O-a4_RgPF_p8W3I6b5M9wobA3-CBW8hLClZfUik5sos',
- *   range: 'Sheet1!A1:E1',
- *   values: [
- *     ['From expression', '$15', '2', '3/15/2016'],
- *     ['Really now!', '$100', '1', '3/20/2016'],
- *   ],
- * })
+ * appendValues(
+ *   '1O-a4_RgPF_p8W3I6b5M9wobA3-CBW8hLClZfUik5sos',
+ *   {
+ *     range: 'Sheet1!A1:E1',
+ *     values: [
+ *       ['From expression', '$15', '2', '3/15/2016'],
+ *       ['Really now!', '$100', '1', '3/20/2016'],
+ *     ],
+ *   }
+ * )
  * @function
- * @param {Object} params - Data object to add to the spreadsheet.
- * @param {string} [params.spreadsheetId] The spreadsheet ID.
- * @param {string} [params.range] The range of values to update.
- * @param {array} [params.values] A 2d array of values to update.
- * @param {function} callback - (Optional) Callback function
+ * @param {string} spreadsheetId - The spreadsheet ID.
+ * @param {Object} data - Data to append.
+ * @param {string} data.range - The range to append to.
+ * @param {array} data.values - A 2d array of values to append.
+ * @param {Object} [options] - Optional settings.
+ * @param {string} [options.valueInputOption] - Defaults to 'USER_ENTERED'.
+ * @param {function} [callback] - Optional callback function.
  * @returns {Operation}
  */
-export function appendValues(params, callback = s => s) {
+export function appendValues(spreadsheetId, data, options = {}, callback = s => s) {
   return state => {
-    const [resolvedParams] = expandReferences(state, params);
-    const { spreadsheetId, range, values } = resolvedParams;
+    const [resolvedSpreadsheetId, resolvedData, resolvedOptions] = expandReferences(
+      state,
+      spreadsheetId,
+      data,
+      options
+    );
+    const { range, values } = resolvedData;
+    const { valueInputOption = 'USER_ENTERED' } = resolvedOptions;
 
     if (!values || values.length === 0) {
       console.log('Warning: empty values array');
@@ -107,13 +117,13 @@ export function appendValues(params, callback = s => s) {
     return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
       client.spreadsheets.values.append(
         {
-          spreadsheetId,
+          spreadsheetId: resolvedSpreadsheetId,
           range,
-          valueInputOption: 'USER_ENTERED',
+          valueInputOption,
           resource: {
             range,
             majorDimension: 'ROWS',
-            values: values,
+            values,
           },
         },
         function (err, response) {
@@ -140,71 +150,53 @@ export function appendValues(params, callback = s => s) {
  * Batch update values in a Spreadsheet.
  * @example
  * <caption>Update a single range</caption>
- * batchUpdateValues({
- *   spreadsheetId: '1O-a4_RgPF_p8W3I6b5M9wobA3-CBW8hLClZfUik5sos',
- *   range: 'Sheet1!A1:E1',
- *   values: [
- *     ['From expression', '$15', '2', '3/15/2016'],
- *     ['Really now!', '$100', '1', '3/20/2016'],
- *   ],
- * })
+ * batchUpdateValues(
+ *   '1O-a4_RgPF_p8W3I6b5M9wobA3-CBW8hLClZfUik5sos',
+ *   [{ range: 'Sheet1!A1:E1', values: [['From expression', '$15'], ['Really now!', '$100']] }],
+ *   { valueInputOption: 'RAW' }
+ * )
  * @example
- * <caption>Update multiple ranges</caption>
- * batchUpdateValues({
- *   spreadsheetId: '1O-a4_RgPF_p8W3I6b5M9wobA3-CBW8hLClZfUik5sos',
- *   data: [
+ * <caption>Update multiple non-contiguous ranges</caption>
+ * batchUpdateValues(
+ *   '1O-a4_RgPF_p8W3I6b5M9wobA3-CBW8hLClZfUik5sos',
+ *   [
  *     { range: 'Sheet1!A1', values: [['value1']] },
  *     { range: 'Sheet1!B5', values: [['value2']] },
  *     { range: 'Sheet1!D10:E11', values: [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']] },
  *   ],
- *   valueInputOption: 'RAW',
- * })
+ *   { valueInputOption: 'RAW' }
+ * )
  * @function
  * @public
- * @param {Object} params - Data object to add to the spreadsheet.
- * @param {string} [params.spreadsheetId] The spreadsheet ID.
- * @param {string} [params.range] The range of values to update (single-range form).
- * @param {string} [params.valueInputOption] (Optional) Value update options. Defaults to 'USER_ENTERED'
- * @param {array} [params.values] A 2d array of values to update (single-range form).
- * @param {array} [params.data] An array of ValueRange objects `({ range, values })` for updating multiple ranges at once.
- * @param {function} callback - (Optional) callback function
+ * @param {string} spreadsheetId - The spreadsheet ID.
+ * @param {Array<{range: string, values: array}>} data - Array of range/values objects to update.
+ * @param {Object} [options] - Optional settings.
+ * @param {string} [options.valueInputOption] - Defaults to 'USER_ENTERED'.
+ * @param {function} [callback] - Optional callback function.
  * @returns {Operation} spreadsheet information
  */
-export function batchUpdateValues(params, callback = s => s) {
+export function batchUpdateValues(spreadsheetId, data, options = {}, callback = s => s) {
   return async state => {
-    const [resolvedParams] = expandReferences(state, params);
-
-    const {
+    const [resolvedSpreadsheetId, resolvedData, resolvedOptions] = expandReferences(
+      state,
       spreadsheetId,
-      range,
-      valueInputOption = 'USER_ENTERED',
-      values,
       data,
-    } = resolvedParams;
-
-    let rangeData;
+      options
+    );
+    const { valueInputOption = 'USER_ENTERED' } = resolvedOptions;
 
-    if (data !== undefined) {
-      if (!data || data.length === 0) {
-        console.log('Warning: empty data array');
-        return state;
-      }
-      rangeData = data;
-    } else {
-      if (!values || values.length === 0) {
-        console.log('Warning: empty values array');
-        return state;
-      }
-      rangeData = [{ range, values }];
+    if (!resolvedData || resolvedData.length === 0) {
+      console.log('Warning: empty data array');
+      return state;
     }
 
     const resource = {
-      data: rangeData,
+      data: resolvedData,
       valueInputOption,
     };
     try {
       const response = await client.spreadsheets.values.batchUpdate({
-        spreadsheetId,
+        spreadsheetId: resolvedSpreadsheetId,
         resource,
       });
       console.log('%d cells updated.', response.data.totalUpdatedCells);
@@ -224,10 +216,9 @@ export function batchUpdateValues(params, callback = s => s) {
  * @function
  * @param {string} spreadsheetId The spreadsheet ID.
  * @param {string} range The sheet range.
- * @param {function} callback - (Optional) callback function
  * @returns {Operation} spreadsheet information
  */
-export function getValues(spreadsheetId, range, callback = s => s) {
+export function getValues(spreadsheetId, range ) {
   return async state => {
     const [resolvedSheetId, resolvedRange] = expandReferences(
       state,
@@ -245,7 +236,7 @@ export function getValues(spreadsheetId, range, callback = s => s) {
 
       const nextState = { ...composeNextState(state, response.data), response };
 
-      return callback(nextState);
+      return nextState;
     } catch (err) {
       logError(err);
       throw err;
diff --git a/packages/googlesheets/test/index.js b/packages/googlesheets/test/index.js
index f5a082be5f..288514a340 100644
--- a/packages/googlesheets/test/index.js
+++ b/packages/googlesheets/test/index.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { expect } from 'chai';
 import sinon from 'sinon';
 import { google } from 'googleapis';
 
-import { execute, appendValues, batchUpdateValues } from '../src/index.js';
+import { execute, appendValues, batchUpdateValues, getValues } from '../src/index.js';
 
 
 describe('execute', () => {
@@ -42,43 +42,22 @@ describe('execute', () => {
 
 
 describe('append', () =>{
-  it('should  return early if the values array is undefined or nullish', async() => {
-    const state = {
-      data: [],
-    }
-
-    const result = await appendValues({
-      spreadsheetId: '123-456-789',
-      range: 'Sheet!A1:E1',
-      values: state.values,
-    })(state);
+  it('should return early if the values array is undefined or nullish', async() => {
+    const state = { data: [] };
+
+    const result = await appendValues(
+      '123-456-789',
+      { range: 'Sheet!A1:E1', values: state.values },
+    )(state);
     expect(result).to.eql(state);
   });
 });
 
 describe('batchUpdateValues', () =>{
-  it('should return early if the values array is undefined or nullish', async() => {
-    const state = {
-      data: [],
-    }
-
-    const result = await batchUpdateValues({
-      spreadsheetId: '123-456-789',
-      range: 'Sheet!A1:E1',
-      values: state.values,
-    })(state);
-    expect(result).to.eql(state);
-  });
-
-  it('should return early if the data array is empty', async() => {
-    const state = {
-      data: [],
-    };
+  it('should return early if data is empty', async() => {
+    const state = { data: [] };
 
-    const result = await batchUpdateValues({
-      spreadsheetId: '123-456-789',
-      data: [],
-    })(state);
+    const result = await batchUpdateValues('123-456-789', [])(state);
     expect(result).to.eql(state);
   });
 
@@ -104,7 +83,7 @@ describe('batchUpdateValues', () =>{
       sandbox.restore();
     });
 
-    it('should send multi-range data directly to the API', async () => {
+    it('should send multi-range data to the API', async () => {
       const state = { configuration: { access_token: 'mock-token' }, data: {} };
       const multiRangeData = [
         { range: 'Sheet1!A1', values: [['value1']] },
@@ -113,11 +92,7 @@ describe('batchUpdateValues', () =>{
       ];
 
       await execute(
-        batchUpdateValues({
-          spreadsheetId: '123-456-789',
-          data: multiRangeData,
-          valueInputOption: 'RAW',
-        })
+        batchUpdateValues('123-456-789', multiRangeData, { valueInputOption: 'RAW' })
       )(state);
 
       expect(mockBatchUpdate.calledOnce).to.be.true;
@@ -126,16 +101,15 @@ describe('batchUpdateValues', () =>{
       expect(resource.valueInputOption).to.equal('RAW');
     });
 
-    it('should wrap single range/values into a data array (fallback)', async () => {
+    it('should send a single range entry to the API', async () => {
       const state = { configuration: { access_token: 'mock-token' }, data: {} };
 
       await execute(
-        batchUpdateValues({
-          spreadsheetId: '123-456-789',
-          range: 'Sheet1!A1:B2',
-          values: [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']],
-          valueInputOption: 'USER_ENTERED',
-        })
+        batchUpdateValues(
+          '123-456-789',
+          [{ range: 'Sheet1!A1:B2', values: [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']] }],
+          { valueInputOption: 'USER_ENTERED' }
+        )
       )(state);
 
       expect(mockBatchUpdate.calledOnce).to.be.true;
@@ -147,3 +121,40 @@ describe('batchUpdateValues', () =>{
     });
   });
 });
+
+describe('getValues', () => {
+  let sandbox;
+  let mockGet;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    sandbox = sinon.createSandbox();
+
+    mockGet = sandbox.stub().resolves({
+      data: { values: [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']] },
+    });
+
+    sandbox.stub(google, 'sheets').returns({
+      spreadsheets: {
+        values: { get: mockGet },
+      },
+    });
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    sandbox.restore();
+  });
+
+  it('returns state with the values from the API', async () => {
+    const state = { configuration: { access_token: 'mock-token' }, data: {} };
+
+    const result = await execute(
+      getValues('123-456-789', 'Sheet1!A1:B2')
+    )(state);
+
+    expect(mockGet.calledOnce).to.be.true;
+    const callArgs = mockGet.firstCall.args[0];
+    expect(callArgs.spreadsheetId).to.equal('123-456-789');
+    expect(callArgs.range).to.equal('Sheet1!A1:B2');
+    expect(result.data).to.deep.equal({ values: [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']] });
+  });
+});

From 49de380967b668a0c352178d2b9ca222ca1becaa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hunter Achieng <achienghunter@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 27 Apr 2026 13:12:53 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 05/12] fix comments

Signed-off-by: Hunter Achieng <achienghunter@gmail.com>
---
 .changeset/new-things-change.md      |   4 +-
 packages/googlesheets/ast.json       | 172 +++++++++++++--------------
 packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js |  18 ++-
 3 files changed, 88 insertions(+), 106 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.changeset/new-things-change.md b/.changeset/new-things-change.md
index d28e10dc50..23a1d2918d 100644
--- a/.changeset/new-things-change.md
+++ b/.changeset/new-things-change.md
@@ -39,7 +39,5 @@ batchUpdateValues(
 );
 ```
 
-**`getValues`**
-
-Signature unchanged. Callback parameter has been removed; use `fn()` to transform the response instead.
+Callback parameter has been removed from `appendValues()`, `batchUpdateValues()`, and `getValues()` in favor of a promise-based API.
 
diff --git a/packages/googlesheets/ast.json b/packages/googlesheets/ast.json
index cce3918056..c0e03db6a9 100644
--- a/packages/googlesheets/ast.json
+++ b/packages/googlesheets/ast.json
@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
     {
       "name": "appendValues",
       "params": [
-        "params",
-        "callback"
+        "spreadsheetId",
+        "data",
+        "options"
       ],
       "docs": {
         "description": "Add an array of rows to the spreadsheet.\nhttps://developers.google.com/sheets/api/samples/writing#append_values",
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@
           },
           {
             "title": "example",
-            "description": "appendValues({\n  spreadsheetId: '1O-a4_RgPF_p8W3I6b5M9wobA3-CBW8hLClZfUik5sos',\n  range: 'Sheet1!A1:E1',\n  values: [\n    ['From expression', '$15', '2', '3/15/2016'],\n    ['Really now!', '$100', '1', '3/20/2016'],\n  ],\n})"
+            "description": "appendValues(\n  '1O-a4_RgPF_p8W3I6b5M9wobA3-CBW8hLClZfUik5sos',\n  {\n    range: 'Sheet1!A1:E1',\n    values: [\n      ['From expression', '$15', '2', '3/15/2016'],\n      ['Really now!', '$100', '1', '3/20/2016'],\n    ],\n  }\n)"
           },
           {
             "title": "function",
@@ -25,57 +26,63 @@
           },
           {
             "title": "param",
-            "description": "Data object to add to the spreadsheet.",
+            "description": "The spreadsheet ID.",
+            "type": {
+              "type": "NameExpression",
+              "name": "string"
+            },
+            "name": "spreadsheetId"
+          },
+          {
+            "title": "param",
+            "description": "Data to append.",
             "type": {
               "type": "NameExpression",
               "name": "Object"
             },
-            "name": "params"
+            "name": "data"
           },
           {
             "title": "param",
-            "description": "The spreadsheet ID.",
+            "description": "The range to append to.",
             "type": {
-              "type": "OptionalType",
-              "expression": {
-                "type": "NameExpression",
-                "name": "string"
-              }
+              "type": "NameExpression",
+              "name": "string"
             },
-            "name": "params.spreadsheetId"
+            "name": "data.range"
           },
           {
             "title": "param",
-            "description": "The range of values to update.",
+            "description": "A 2d array of values to append.",
             "type": {
-              "type": "OptionalType",
-              "expression": {
-                "type": "NameExpression",
-                "name": "string"
-              }
+              "type": "NameExpression",
+              "name": "array"
             },
-            "name": "params.range"
+            "name": "data.values"
           },
           {
             "title": "param",
-            "description": "A 2d array of values to update.",
+            "description": "Optional settings.",
             "type": {
               "type": "OptionalType",
               "expression": {
                 "type": "NameExpression",
-                "name": "array"
+                "name": "Object"
               }
             },
-            "name": "params.values"
+            "name": "options"
           },
           {
             "title": "param",
-            "description": "(Optional) Callback function",
+            "description": "Defaults to 'USER_ENTERED'.",
             "type": {
-              "type": "NameExpression",
-              "name": "function"
+              "type": "OptionalType",
+              "expression": {
+                "type": "NameExpression",
+                "name": "string"
+              }
             },
-            "name": "callback"
+            "name": "options.valueInputOption"
           },
           {
             "title": "returns",
@@ -92,21 +99,22 @@
     {
       "name": "batchUpdateValues",
       "params": [
-        "params",
-        "callback"
+        "spreadsheetId",
+        "data",
+        "options"
       ],
       "docs": {
         "description": "Batch update values in a Spreadsheet.",
         "tags": [
           {
             "title": "example",
-            "description": "batchUpdateValues({\n  spreadsheetId: '1O-a4_RgPF_p8W3I6b5M9wobA3-CBW8hLClZfUik5sos',\n  range: 'Sheet1!A1:E1',\n  values: [\n    ['From expression', '$15', '2', '3/15/2016'],\n    ['Really now!', '$100', '1', '3/20/2016'],\n  ],\n})",
+            "description": "batchUpdateValues(\n  '1O-a4_RgPF_p8W3I6b5M9wobA3-CBW8hLClZfUik5sos',\n  [{ range: 'Sheet1!A1:E1', values: [['From expression', '$15'], ['Really now!', '$100']] }],\n  { valueInputOption: 'RAW' }\n)",
             "caption": "Update a single range"
           },
           {
             "title": "example",
-            "description": "batchUpdateValues({\n  spreadsheetId: '1O-a4_RgPF_p8W3I6b5M9wobA3-CBW8hLClZfUik5sos',\n  data: [\n    { range: 'Sheet1!A1', values: [['value1']] },\n    { range: 'Sheet1!B5', values: [['value2']] },\n    { range: 'Sheet1!D10:E11', values: [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']] },\n  ],\n  valueInputOption: 'RAW',\n})",
-            "caption": "Update multiple ranges"
+            "description": "batchUpdateValues(\n  '1O-a4_RgPF_p8W3I6b5M9wobA3-CBW8hLClZfUik5sos',\n  [\n    { range: 'Sheet1!A1', values: [['value1']] },\n    { range: 'Sheet1!B5', values: [['value2']] },\n    { range: 'Sheet1!D10:E11', values: [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']] },\n  ],\n  { valueInputOption: 'RAW' }\n)",
+            "caption": "Update multiple non-contiguous ranges"
           },
           {
             "title": "function",
@@ -120,40 +128,63 @@
           },
           {
             "title": "param",
-            "description": "Data object to add to the spreadsheet.",
+            "description": "The spreadsheet ID.",
             "type": {
               "type": "NameExpression",
-              "name": "Object"
+              "name": "string"
             },
-            "name": "params"
+            "name": "spreadsheetId"
           },
           {
             "title": "param",
-            "description": "The spreadsheet ID.",
+            "description": "Array of range/values objects to update.",
             "type": {
-              "type": "OptionalType",
+              "type": "TypeApplication",
               "expression": {
                 "type": "NameExpression",
-                "name": "string"
-              }
-            },
-            "name": "params.spreadsheetId"
-          },
-          {
-            "title": "param",
-            "description": "The range of values to update (single-range form).",
+                "name": "Array"
+              },
+              "applications": [
+                {
+                  "type": "RecordType",
+                  "fields": [
+                    {
+                      "type": "FieldType",
+                      "key": "range",
+                      "value": {
+                        "type": "NameExpression",
+                        "name": "string"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    {
+                      "type": "FieldType",
+                      "key": "values",
+                      "value": {
+                        "type": "NameExpression",
+                        "name": "array"
+                      }
+                    }
+                  ]
+                }
+              ]
+            },
+            "name": "data"
+          },
+          {
+            "title": "param",
+            "description": "Optional settings.",
             "type": {
               "type": "OptionalType",
               "expression": {
                 "type": "NameExpression",
-                "name": "string"
+                "name": "Object"
               }
             },
-            "name": "params.range"
+            "name": "options"
           },
           {
             "title": "param",
-            "description": "(Optional) Value update options. Defaults to 'USER_ENTERED'",
+            "description": "Defaults to 'USER_ENTERED'.",
             "type": {
               "type": "OptionalType",
               "expression": {
@@ -161,40 +192,7 @@
                 "name": "string"
               }
             },
-            "name": "params.valueInputOption"
-          },
-          {
-            "title": "param",
-            "description": "A 2d array of values to update (single-range form).",
-            "type": {
-              "type": "OptionalType",
-              "expression": {
-                "type": "NameExpression",
-                "name": "array"
-              }
-            },
-            "name": "params.values"
-          },
-          {
-            "title": "param",
-            "description": "An array of ValueRange objects `({ range, values })` for updating multiple ranges at once.",
-            "type": {
-              "type": "OptionalType",
-              "expression": {
-                "type": "NameExpression",
-                "name": "array"
-              }
-            },
-            "name": "params.data"
-          },
-          {
-            "title": "param",
-            "description": "(Optional) callback function",
-            "type": {
-              "type": "NameExpression",
-              "name": "function"
-            },
-            "name": "callback"
+            "name": "options.valueInputOption"
           },
           {
             "title": "returns",
@@ -212,8 +210,7 @@
       "name": "getValues",
       "params": [
         "spreadsheetId",
-        "range",
-        "callback"
+        "range"
       ],
       "docs": {
         "description": "Gets cell values from a Spreadsheet.",
@@ -250,15 +247,6 @@
             },
             "name": "range"
           },
-          {
-            "title": "param",
-            "description": "(Optional) callback function",
-            "type": {
-              "type": "NameExpression",
-              "name": "function"
-            },
-            "name": "callback"
-          },
           {
             "title": "returns",
             "description": "spreadsheet information",
diff --git a/packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js b/packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js
index 4db780cf54..2ea8b4e06f 100644
--- a/packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js
+++ b/packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js
@@ -95,10 +95,9 @@ export function execute(...operations) {
  * @param {array} data.values - A 2d array of values to append.
  * @param {Object} [options] - Optional settings.
  * @param {string} [options.valueInputOption] - Defaults to 'USER_ENTERED'.
- * @param {function} [callback] - Optional callback function.
  * @returns {Operation}
  */
-export function appendValues(spreadsheetId, data, options = {}, callback = s => s) {
+export function appendValues(spreadsheetId, data, options = {}) {
   return state => {
     const [resolvedSpreadsheetId, resolvedData, resolvedOptions] = expandReferences(
       state,
@@ -133,12 +132,10 @@ export function appendValues(spreadsheetId, data, options = {}, callback = s =>
           } else {
             console.log('Success! Here is the response from Google:');
             console.log(response.data);
-            resolve(
-              callback({
-                ...composeNextState(state, response.data),
-                response,
-              })
-            );
+            resolve({
+              ...composeNextState(state, response.data),
+              response,
+            });
           }
         }
       );
@@ -172,10 +169,9 @@ export function appendValues(spreadsheetId, data, options = {}, callback = s =>
  * @param {Array<{range: string, values: array}>} data - Array of range/values objects to update.
  * @param {Object} [options] - Optional settings.
  * @param {string} [options.valueInputOption] - Defaults to 'USER_ENTERED'.
- * @param {function} [callback] - Optional callback function.
  * @returns {Operation} spreadsheet information
  */
-export function batchUpdateValues(spreadsheetId, data, options = {}, callback = s => s) {
+export function batchUpdateValues(spreadsheetId, data, options = {}) {
   return async state => {
     const [resolvedSpreadsheetId, resolvedData, resolvedOptions] = expandReferences(
       state,
@@ -200,7 +196,7 @@ export function batchUpdateValues(spreadsheetId, data, options = {}, callback =
         resource,
       });
       console.log('%d cells updated.', response.data.totalUpdatedCells);
-      return callback({ ...composeNextState(state, response.data), response });
+      return { ...composeNextState(state, response.data), response };
     } catch (err) {
       logError(err);
       throw err;

From fd518f7169e41cbd25e30b00af07034f1f256f0e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hunter Achieng <achienghunter@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 27 Apr 2026 13:36:49 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 06/12] fix appendValues body

Signed-off-by: Hunter Achieng <achienghunter@gmail.com>
---
 .changeset/new-things-change.md      |  7 ++--
 packages/googlesheets/ast.json       | 52 ++++++++++++++++------------
 packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js | 14 ++------
 packages/googlesheets/test/index.js  |  2 +-
 4 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.changeset/new-things-change.md b/.changeset/new-things-change.md
index 23a1d2918d..8efa76af72 100644
--- a/.changeset/new-things-change.md
+++ b/.changeset/new-things-change.md
@@ -17,7 +17,10 @@ appendValues({
 });
 
 // Now
-appendValues('1abc...', { range: 'Sheet1!A1:E1', values: [['a', 'b']] });
+appendValues(
+  '1abc...',
+  [{ range: 'Sheet1!A1:E1', values: [['a', 'b']] }],
+);
 ```
 
 **`batchUpdateValues`**
@@ -31,7 +34,7 @@ batchUpdateValues({
   valueInputOption: 'RAW',
 });
 
-// Now — accepts an array of range/values objects
+// Now
 batchUpdateValues(
   '1abc...',
   [{ range: 'Sheet1!A1', values: [['a']] }],
diff --git a/packages/googlesheets/ast.json b/packages/googlesheets/ast.json
index c0e03db6a9..5398df423d 100644
--- a/packages/googlesheets/ast.json
+++ b/packages/googlesheets/ast.json
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
           },
           {
             "title": "example",
-            "description": "appendValues(\n  '1O-a4_RgPF_p8W3I6b5M9wobA3-CBW8hLClZfUik5sos',\n  {\n    range: 'Sheet1!A1:E1',\n    values: [\n      ['From expression', '$15', '2', '3/15/2016'],\n      ['Really now!', '$100', '1', '3/20/2016'],\n    ],\n  }\n)"
+            "description": "appendValues(\n  '1O-a4_RgPF_p8W3I6b5M9wobA3-CBW8hLClZfUik5sos',\n  [{ range: 'Sheet1!A1:E1', values: [['From expression', '$15', '2', '3/15/2016'], ['Really now!', '$100', '1', '3/20/2016']] }]\n)"
           },
           {
             "title": "function",
@@ -35,31 +35,39 @@
           },
           {
             "title": "param",
-            "description": "Data to append.",
+            "description": "Array containing a single range/values object to append.",
             "type": {
-              "type": "NameExpression",
-              "name": "Object"
+              "type": "TypeApplication",
+              "expression": {
+                "type": "NameExpression",
+                "name": "Array"
+              },
+              "applications": [
+                {
+                  "type": "RecordType",
+                  "fields": [
+                    {
+                      "type": "FieldType",
+                      "key": "range",
+                      "value": {
+                        "type": "NameExpression",
+                        "name": "string"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    {
+                      "type": "FieldType",
+                      "key": "values",
+                      "value": {
+                        "type": "NameExpression",
+                        "name": "array"
+                      }
+                    }
+                  ]
+                }
+              ]
             },
             "name": "data"
           },
-          {
-            "title": "param",
-            "description": "The range to append to.",
-            "type": {
-              "type": "NameExpression",
-              "name": "string"
-            },
-            "name": "data.range"
-          },
-          {
-            "title": "param",
-            "description": "A 2d array of values to append.",
-            "type": {
-              "type": "NameExpression",
-              "name": "array"
-            },
-            "name": "data.values"
-          },
           {
             "title": "param",
             "description": "Optional settings.",
diff --git a/packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js b/packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js
index 2ea8b4e06f..251c30bb3c 100644
--- a/packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js
+++ b/packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js
@@ -80,19 +80,11 @@ export function execute(...operations) {
  * @example
  * appendValues(
  *   '1O-a4_RgPF_p8W3I6b5M9wobA3-CBW8hLClZfUik5sos',
- *   {
- *     range: 'Sheet1!A1:E1',
- *     values: [
- *       ['From expression', '$15', '2', '3/15/2016'],
- *       ['Really now!', '$100', '1', '3/20/2016'],
- *     ],
- *   }
+ *   [{ range: 'Sheet1!A1:E1', values: [['From expression', '$15', '2', '3/15/2016'], ['Really now!', '$100', '1', '3/20/2016']] }]
  * )
  * @function
  * @param {string} spreadsheetId - The spreadsheet ID.
- * @param {Object} data - Data to append.
- * @param {string} data.range - The range to append to.
- * @param {array} data.values - A 2d array of values to append.
+ * @param {Array<{range: string, values: array}>} data - Array containing a single range/values object to append.
  * @param {Object} [options] - Optional settings.
  * @param {string} [options.valueInputOption] - Defaults to 'USER_ENTERED'.
  * @returns {Operation}
@@ -105,7 +97,7 @@ export function appendValues(spreadsheetId, data, options = {}) {
       data,
       options
     );
-    const { range, values } = resolvedData;
+    const { range, values } = resolvedData[0];
     const { valueInputOption = 'USER_ENTERED' } = resolvedOptions;
 
     if (!values || values.length === 0) {
diff --git a/packages/googlesheets/test/index.js b/packages/googlesheets/test/index.js
index 288514a340..6eaafa4543 100644
--- a/packages/googlesheets/test/index.js
+++ b/packages/googlesheets/test/index.js
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ describe('append', () =>{
 
     const result = await appendValues(
       '123-456-789',
-      { range: 'Sheet!A1:E1', values: state.values },
+      [{ range: 'Sheet!A1:E1', values: state.values }],
     )(state);
     expect(result).to.eql(state);
   });

From 8248c1deef2f3994692c8a0311045bc7b0e0bfe6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hunter Achieng <achienghunter@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 27 Apr 2026 16:18:49 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 07/12] fix: tests

Signed-off-by: Hunter Achieng <achienghunter@gmail.com>
---
 packages/googlesheets/test/index.js | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/packages/googlesheets/test/index.js b/packages/googlesheets/test/index.js
index 6eaafa4543..6d365a340f 100644
--- a/packages/googlesheets/test/index.js
+++ b/packages/googlesheets/test/index.js
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ describe('append', () =>{
 
     const result = await appendValues(
       '123-456-789',
-      [{ range: 'Sheet!A1:E1', values: state.values }],
+      [{ range: 'Sheet!A1:E1', values: null }],
     )(state);
     expect(result).to.eql(state);
   });

From af3b8cfeb8c333273823a02aa2c1e786ec256119 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hunter Achieng <achienghunter@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 27 Apr 2026 21:08:53 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 08/12] fix append values body

Signed-off-by: Hunter Achieng <achienghunter@gmail.com>
---
 .changeset/new-things-change.md      | 2 +-
 packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js | 6 +++---
 packages/googlesheets/test/index.js  | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.changeset/new-things-change.md b/.changeset/new-things-change.md
index 8efa76af72..d7958ec145 100644
--- a/.changeset/new-things-change.md
+++ b/.changeset/new-things-change.md
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ appendValues({
 // Now
 appendValues(
   '1abc...',
-  [{ range: 'Sheet1!A1:E1', values: [['a', 'b']] }],
+  { range: 'Sheet1!A1:E1', values: [['a', 'b']] },
 );
 ```
 
diff --git a/packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js b/packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js
index 251c30bb3c..a5554e3cfb 100644
--- a/packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js
+++ b/packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js
@@ -80,11 +80,11 @@ export function execute(...operations) {
  * @example
  * appendValues(
  *   '1O-a4_RgPF_p8W3I6b5M9wobA3-CBW8hLClZfUik5sos',
- *   [{ range: 'Sheet1!A1:E1', values: [['From expression', '$15', '2', '3/15/2016'], ['Really now!', '$100', '1', '3/20/2016']] }]
+ *   { range: 'Sheet1!A1:E1', values: [['From expression', '$15', '2', '3/15/2016'], ['Really now!', '$100', '1', '3/20/2016']] }
  * )
  * @function
  * @param {string} spreadsheetId - The spreadsheet ID.
- * @param {Array<{range: string, values: array}>} data - Array containing a single range/values object to append.
+ * @param {{range: string, values: array}} data - A single range/values object to append.
  * @param {Object} [options] - Optional settings.
  * @param {string} [options.valueInputOption] - Defaults to 'USER_ENTERED'.
  * @returns {Operation}
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ export function appendValues(spreadsheetId, data, options = {}) {
       data,
       options
     );
-    const { range, values } = resolvedData[0];
+    const { range, values } = resolvedData;
     const { valueInputOption = 'USER_ENTERED' } = resolvedOptions;
 
     if (!values || values.length === 0) {
diff --git a/packages/googlesheets/test/index.js b/packages/googlesheets/test/index.js
index 6d365a340f..8c6cfa4008 100644
--- a/packages/googlesheets/test/index.js
+++ b/packages/googlesheets/test/index.js
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ describe('append', () =>{
 
     const result = await appendValues(
       '123-456-789',
-      [{ range: 'Sheet!A1:E1', values: null }],
+      { range: 'Sheet!A1:E1', values: null },
     )(state);
     expect(result).to.eql(state);
   });

From ace54dde87a365839a1d43d9c07317c02ebb003c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hunter Achieng <achienghunter@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 27 Apr 2026 21:17:28 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 09/12] fix ast

Signed-off-by: Hunter Achieng <achienghunter@gmail.com>
---
 packages/googlesheets/ast.json | 45 ++++++++++++++--------------------
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/googlesheets/ast.json b/packages/googlesheets/ast.json
index 5398df423d..8baf225fa2 100644
--- a/packages/googlesheets/ast.json
+++ b/packages/googlesheets/ast.json
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
           },
           {
             "title": "example",
-            "description": "appendValues(\n  '1O-a4_RgPF_p8W3I6b5M9wobA3-CBW8hLClZfUik5sos',\n  [{ range: 'Sheet1!A1:E1', values: [['From expression', '$15', '2', '3/15/2016'], ['Really now!', '$100', '1', '3/20/2016']] }]\n)"
+            "description": "appendValues(\n  '1O-a4_RgPF_p8W3I6b5M9wobA3-CBW8hLClZfUik5sos',\n  { range: 'Sheet1!A1:E1', values: [['From expression', '$15', '2', '3/15/2016'], ['Really now!', '$100', '1', '3/20/2016']] }\n)"
           },
           {
             "title": "function",
@@ -35,34 +35,25 @@
           },
           {
             "title": "param",
-            "description": "Array containing a single range/values object to append.",
+            "description": "A single range/values object to append.",
             "type": {
-              "type": "TypeApplication",
-              "expression": {
-                "type": "NameExpression",
-                "name": "Array"
-              },
-              "applications": [
+              "type": "RecordType",
+              "fields": [
                 {
-                  "type": "RecordType",
-                  "fields": [
-                    {
-                      "type": "FieldType",
-                      "key": "range",
-                      "value": {
-                        "type": "NameExpression",
-                        "name": "string"
-                      }
-                    },
-                    {
-                      "type": "FieldType",
-                      "key": "values",
-                      "value": {
-                        "type": "NameExpression",
-                        "name": "array"
-                      }
-                    }
-                  ]
+                  "type": "FieldType",
+                  "key": "range",
+                  "value": {
+                    "type": "NameExpression",
+                    "name": "string"
+                  }
+                },
+                {
+                  "type": "FieldType",
+                  "key": "values",
+                  "value": {
+                    "type": "NameExpression",
+                    "name": "array"
+                  }
                 }
               ]
             },

From ae5d435d9934201439288615d1ebddb678700f56 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hunter Achieng <achienghunter@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 28 May 2026 16:06:25 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 10/12] feat: update docs

Signed-off-by: Hunter Achieng <achienghunter@gmail.com>
---
 packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js b/packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js
index a5554e3cfb..a06d08fd54 100644
--- a/packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js
+++ b/packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ export function execute(...operations) {
 }
 
 /**
- * Add an array of rows to the spreadsheet.
+ * Append one or more rows to a spreadsheet range.
  * https://developers.google.com/sheets/api/samples/writing#append_values
  * @public
  * @example
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ export function appendValues(spreadsheetId, data, options = {}) {
  *   { valueInputOption: 'RAW' }
  * )
  * @example
- * <caption>Update multiple non-contiguous ranges</caption>
+ * <caption>Update multiple separate ranges</caption>
  * batchUpdateValues(
  *   '1O-a4_RgPF_p8W3I6b5M9wobA3-CBW8hLClZfUik5sos',
  *   [

From ac836aaddba5312f46d8db070d769560e5c33405 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hunter Achieng <achienghunter@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 28 May 2026 16:53:08 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 11/12] feat: build ast

Signed-off-by: Hunter Achieng <achienghunter@gmail.com>
---
 packages/googlesheets/ast.json | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/googlesheets/ast.json b/packages/googlesheets/ast.json
index 8baf225fa2..6f432d7a71 100644
--- a/packages/googlesheets/ast.json
+++ b/packages/googlesheets/ast.json
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
         "options"
       ],
       "docs": {
-        "description": "Add an array of rows to the spreadsheet.\nhttps://developers.google.com/sheets/api/samples/writing#append_values",
+        "description": "Append one or more rows to a spreadsheet range.\nhttps://developers.google.com/sheets/api/samples/writing#append_values",
         "tags": [
           {
             "title": "public",
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@
           {
             "title": "example",
             "description": "batchUpdateValues(\n  '1O-a4_RgPF_p8W3I6b5M9wobA3-CBW8hLClZfUik5sos',\n  [\n    { range: 'Sheet1!A1', values: [['value1']] },\n    { range: 'Sheet1!B5', values: [['value2']] },\n    { range: 'Sheet1!D10:E11', values: [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']] },\n  ],\n  { valueInputOption: 'RAW' }\n)",
-            "caption": "Update multiple non-contiguous ranges"
+            "caption": "Update multiple separate ranges"
           },
           {
             "title": "function",

From 84a8311fda6f75208616acbaff1720799fbf0d36 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Emmanuel Evance <mtuchidev@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 17 Jun 2026 16:42:53 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 12/12] feat: update appendValues signature to use positional
 range and values args

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .changeset/new-things-change.md      |   3 +-
 packages/googlesheets/ast.json       |  44 +++----
 packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js |  52 ++++-----
 packages/googlesheets/test/index.js  | 168 ++++++++++++---------------
 4 files changed, 113 insertions(+), 154 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.changeset/new-things-change.md b/.changeset/new-things-change.md
index d7958ec145..ee1c3b8abf 100644
--- a/.changeset/new-things-change.md
+++ b/.changeset/new-things-change.md
@@ -19,7 +19,8 @@ appendValues({
 // Now
 appendValues(
   '1abc...',
-  { range: 'Sheet1!A1:E1', values: [['a', 'b']] },
+  'Sheet1!A1:E1',
+  [['a', 'b']],
 );
 ```
 
diff --git a/packages/googlesheets/ast.json b/packages/googlesheets/ast.json
index 6f432d7a71..0ba36a1476 100644
--- a/packages/googlesheets/ast.json
+++ b/packages/googlesheets/ast.json
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
       "name": "appendValues",
       "params": [
         "spreadsheetId",
-        "data",
+        "range",
+        "values",
         "options"
       ],
       "docs": {
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@
           },
           {
             "title": "example",
-            "description": "appendValues(\n  '1O-a4_RgPF_p8W3I6b5M9wobA3-CBW8hLClZfUik5sos',\n  { range: 'Sheet1!A1:E1', values: [['From expression', '$15', '2', '3/15/2016'], ['Really now!', '$100', '1', '3/20/2016']] }\n)"
+            "description": "appendValues(\n  '1O-a4_RgPF_p8W3I6b5M9wobA3-CBW8hLClZfUik5sos',\n  'Sheet1!A1:E1',\n  [['From expression', '$15', '2', '3/15/2016'], ['Really now!', '$100', '1', '3/20/2016']]\n)"
           },
           {
             "title": "function",
@@ -35,29 +36,21 @@
           },
           {
             "title": "param",
-            "description": "A single range/values object to append.",
+            "description": "The sheet range.",
             "type": {
-              "type": "RecordType",
-              "fields": [
-                {
-                  "type": "FieldType",
-                  "key": "range",
-                  "value": {
-                    "type": "NameExpression",
-                    "name": "string"
-                  }
-                },
-                {
-                  "type": "FieldType",
-                  "key": "values",
-                  "value": {
-                    "type": "NameExpression",
-                    "name": "array"
-                  }
-                }
-              ]
+              "type": "NameExpression",
+              "name": "string"
             },
-            "name": "data"
+            "name": "range"
+          },
+          {
+            "title": "param",
+            "description": "The values to append.",
+            "type": {
+              "type": "NameExpression",
+              "name": "array"
+            },
+            "name": "values"
           },
           {
             "title": "param",
@@ -105,11 +98,6 @@
       "docs": {
         "description": "Batch update values in a Spreadsheet.",
         "tags": [
-          {
-            "title": "example",
-            "description": "batchUpdateValues(\n  '1O-a4_RgPF_p8W3I6b5M9wobA3-CBW8hLClZfUik5sos',\n  [{ range: 'Sheet1!A1:E1', values: [['From expression', '$15'], ['Really now!', '$100']] }],\n  { valueInputOption: 'RAW' }\n)",
-            "caption": "Update a single range"
-          },
           {
             "title": "example",
             "description": "batchUpdateValues(\n  '1O-a4_RgPF_p8W3I6b5M9wobA3-CBW8hLClZfUik5sos',\n  [\n    { range: 'Sheet1!A1', values: [['value1']] },\n    { range: 'Sheet1!B5', values: [['value2']] },\n    { range: 'Sheet1!D10:E11', values: [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']] },\n  ],\n  { valueInputOption: 'RAW' }\n)",
diff --git a/packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js b/packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js
index a06d08fd54..1e4d70d304 100644
--- a/packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js
+++ b/packages/googlesheets/src/Adaptor.js
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ export function execute(...operations) {
     return commonExecute(
       createConnection,
       ...operations,
-      removeConnection
+      removeConnection,
     )({
       ...initialState,
       ...state,
@@ -80,27 +80,28 @@ export function execute(...operations) {
  * @example
  * appendValues(
  *   '1O-a4_RgPF_p8W3I6b5M9wobA3-CBW8hLClZfUik5sos',
- *   { range: 'Sheet1!A1:E1', values: [['From expression', '$15', '2', '3/15/2016'], ['Really now!', '$100', '1', '3/20/2016']] }
+ *   'Sheet1!A1:E1',
+ *   [['From expression', '$15', '2', '3/15/2016'], ['Really now!', '$100', '1', '3/20/2016']]
  * )
  * @function
  * @param {string} spreadsheetId - The spreadsheet ID.
- * @param {{range: string, values: array}} data - A single range/values object to append.
+ * @param {string} range - The sheet range.
+ * @param {array} values - The values to append.
  * @param {Object} [options] - Optional settings.
  * @param {string} [options.valueInputOption] - Defaults to 'USER_ENTERED'.
  * @returns {Operation}
  */
-export function appendValues(spreadsheetId, data, options = {}) {
+export function appendValues(spreadsheetId, range, values, options = {}) {
   return state => {
-    const [resolvedSpreadsheetId, resolvedData, resolvedOptions] = expandReferences(
-      state,
-      spreadsheetId,
-      data,
-      options
-    );
-    const { range, values } = resolvedData;
+    const [
+      resolvedSpreadsheetId,
+      resolvedRange,
+      resolvedValues,
+      resolvedOptions,
+    ] = expandReferences(state, spreadsheetId, range, values, options);
     const { valueInputOption = 'USER_ENTERED' } = resolvedOptions;
 
-    if (!values || values.length === 0) {
+    if (!resolvedValues || resolvedValues.length === 0) {
       console.log('Warning: empty values array');
       return state;
     }
@@ -109,12 +110,12 @@ export function appendValues(spreadsheetId, data, options = {}) {
       client.spreadsheets.values.append(
         {
           spreadsheetId: resolvedSpreadsheetId,
-          range,
+          range: resolvedRange,
           valueInputOption,
           resource: {
-            range,
+            range: resolvedRange,
             majorDimension: 'ROWS',
-            values,
+            values: resolvedValues,
           },
         },
         function (err, response) {
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ export function appendValues(spreadsheetId, data, options = {}) {
               response,
             });
           }
-        }
+        },
       );
     });
   };
@@ -138,13 +139,6 @@ export function appendValues(spreadsheetId, data, options = {}) {
 /**
  * Batch update values in a Spreadsheet.
  * @example
- * <caption>Update a single range</caption>
- * batchUpdateValues(
- *   '1O-a4_RgPF_p8W3I6b5M9wobA3-CBW8hLClZfUik5sos',
- *   [{ range: 'Sheet1!A1:E1', values: [['From expression', '$15'], ['Really now!', '$100']] }],
- *   { valueInputOption: 'RAW' }
- * )
- * @example
  * <caption>Update multiple separate ranges</caption>
  * batchUpdateValues(
  *   '1O-a4_RgPF_p8W3I6b5M9wobA3-CBW8hLClZfUik5sos',
@@ -165,12 +159,8 @@ export function appendValues(spreadsheetId, data, options = {}) {
  */
 export function batchUpdateValues(spreadsheetId, data, options = {}) {
   return async state => {
-    const [resolvedSpreadsheetId, resolvedData, resolvedOptions] = expandReferences(
-      state,
-      spreadsheetId,
-      data,
-      options
-    );
+    const [resolvedSpreadsheetId, resolvedData, resolvedOptions] =
+      expandReferences(state, spreadsheetId, data, options);
     const { valueInputOption = 'USER_ENTERED' } = resolvedOptions;
 
     if (!resolvedData || resolvedData.length === 0) {
@@ -206,12 +196,12 @@ export function batchUpdateValues(spreadsheetId, data, options = {}) {
  * @param {string} range The sheet range.
  * @returns {Operation} spreadsheet information
  */
-export function getValues(spreadsheetId, range ) {
+export function getValues(spreadsheetId, range) {
   return async state => {
     const [resolvedSheetId, resolvedRange] = expandReferences(
       state,
       spreadsheetId,
-      range
+      range,
     );
 
     try {
diff --git a/packages/googlesheets/test/index.js b/packages/googlesheets/test/index.js
index 8c6cfa4008..de377fd9cc 100644
--- a/packages/googlesheets/test/index.js
+++ b/packages/googlesheets/test/index.js
@@ -4,121 +4,101 @@ import { google } from 'googleapis';
 
 import { execute, appendValues, batchUpdateValues, getValues } from '../src/index.js';
 
+describe('appendValues', () => {
+  let sandbox;
+  let mockAppend;
 
-describe('execute', () => {
-  it('executes each operation in sequence', done => {
-    const state = { configuration: {}, data: {} };
-    let operations = [
-      state => {
-        return { counter: 1 };
-      },
-      state => {
-        return { counter: 2 };
-      },
-      state => {
-        return { counter: 3 };
-      },
-    ];
-
-    execute(...operations)(state)
-      .then(finalState => {
-        expect(finalState).to.eql({ counter: 3 });
-      })
-      .then(done)
-      .catch(done);
-  });
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    sandbox = sinon.createSandbox();
 
-  it('assigns references, data to the initialState', () => {
-    const state = { configuration: {}, data: {} };
+    mockAppend = sandbox.stub().callsArgWith(1, null, {
+      data: { updates: { updatedCells: 4 } },
+    });
 
-    execute()(state).then(finalState => {
-      expect(finalState).to.eql({
-        references: [],
-        data: null,
-      });
+    sandbox.stub(google, 'sheets').returns({
+      spreadsheets: {
+        values: { append: mockAppend },
+      },
     });
   });
-});
 
+  afterEach(() => {
+    sandbox.restore();
+  });
 
-describe('append', () =>{
-  it('should return early if the values array is undefined or nullish', async() => {
-    const state = { data: [] };
+  it('appends rows to the given range', async () => {
+    const state = { configuration: { access_token: 'mock-token' }, data: {} };
 
-    const result = await appendValues(
-      '123-456-789',
-      { range: 'Sheet!A1:E1', values: null },
+    const result = await execute(
+      appendValues('123-456-789', 'Sheet1!A1:B1', [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']])
     )(state);
-    expect(result).to.eql(state);
+
+    expect(mockAppend.calledOnce).to.be.true;
+    const callArgs = mockAppend.firstCall.args[0];
+    expect(callArgs.spreadsheetId).to.equal('123-456-789');
+    expect(callArgs.range).to.equal('Sheet1!A1:B1');
+    expect(callArgs.resource.values).to.deep.equal([['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']]);
+    expect(result.data).to.deep.equal({ updates: { updatedCells: 4 } });
   });
 });
 
-describe('batchUpdateValues', () =>{
-  it('should return early if data is empty', async() => {
-    const state = { data: [] };
+describe('batchUpdateValues', () => {
+  let sandbox;
+  let mockBatchUpdate;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    sandbox = sinon.createSandbox();
+
+    mockBatchUpdate = sandbox.stub().resolves({
+      data: { totalUpdatedCells: 3 },
+    });
 
-    const result = await batchUpdateValues('123-456-789', [])(state);
-    expect(result).to.eql(state);
+    sandbox.stub(google, 'sheets').returns({
+      spreadsheets: {
+        values: { batchUpdate: mockBatchUpdate },
+      },
+    });
   });
 
-  describe('with mocked Google Sheets client', () => {
-    let sandbox;
-    let mockBatchUpdate;
+  afterEach(() => {
+    sandbox.restore();
+  });
 
-    beforeEach(() => {
-      sandbox = sinon.createSandbox();
+  it('sends multi-range data to the API', async () => {
+    const state = { configuration: { access_token: 'mock-token' }, data: {} };
+    const multiRangeData = [
+      { range: 'Sheet1!A1', values: [['value1']] },
+      { range: 'Sheet1!B5', values: [['value2']] },
+      { range: 'Sheet1!D10:E11', values: [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']] },
+    ];
 
-      mockBatchUpdate = sandbox.stub().resolves({
-        data: { totalUpdatedCells: 3 },
-      });
+    await execute(
+      batchUpdateValues('123-456-789', multiRangeData, { valueInputOption: 'RAW' })
+    )(state);
 
-      sandbox.stub(google, 'sheets').returns({
-        spreadsheets: {
-          values: { batchUpdate: mockBatchUpdate },
-        },
-      });
-    });
+    expect(mockBatchUpdate.calledOnce).to.be.true;
+    const { resource } = mockBatchUpdate.firstCall.args[0];
+    expect(resource.data).to.deep.equal(multiRangeData);
+    expect(resource.valueInputOption).to.equal('RAW');
+  });
 
-    afterEach(() => {
-      sandbox.restore();
-    });
+  it('sends a single range entry to the API', async () => {
+    const state = { configuration: { access_token: 'mock-token' }, data: {} };
 
-    it('should send multi-range data to the API', async () => {
-      const state = { configuration: { access_token: 'mock-token' }, data: {} };
-      const multiRangeData = [
-        { range: 'Sheet1!A1', values: [['value1']] },
-        { range: 'Sheet1!B5', values: [['value2']] },
-        { range: 'Sheet1!D10:E11', values: [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']] },
-      ];
-
-      await execute(
-        batchUpdateValues('123-456-789', multiRangeData, { valueInputOption: 'RAW' })
-      )(state);
-
-      expect(mockBatchUpdate.calledOnce).to.be.true;
-      const { resource } = mockBatchUpdate.firstCall.args[0];
-      expect(resource.data).to.deep.equal(multiRangeData);
-      expect(resource.valueInputOption).to.equal('RAW');
-    });
+    await execute(
+      batchUpdateValues(
+        '123-456-789',
+        [{ range: 'Sheet1!A1:B2', values: [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']] }],
+        { valueInputOption: 'USER_ENTERED' }
+      )
+    )(state);
 
-    it('should send a single range entry to the API', async () => {
-      const state = { configuration: { access_token: 'mock-token' }, data: {} };
-
-      await execute(
-        batchUpdateValues(
-          '123-456-789',
-          [{ range: 'Sheet1!A1:B2', values: [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']] }],
-          { valueInputOption: 'USER_ENTERED' }
-        )
-      )(state);
-
-      expect(mockBatchUpdate.calledOnce).to.be.true;
-      const { resource } = mockBatchUpdate.firstCall.args[0];
-      expect(resource.data).to.deep.equal([
-        { range: 'Sheet1!A1:B2', values: [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']] },
-      ]);
-      expect(resource.valueInputOption).to.equal('USER_ENTERED');
-    });
+    expect(mockBatchUpdate.calledOnce).to.be.true;
+    const { resource } = mockBatchUpdate.firstCall.args[0];
+    expect(resource.data).to.deep.equal([
+      { range: 'Sheet1!A1:B2', values: [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']] },
+    ]);
+    expect(resource.valueInputOption).to.equal('USER_ENTERED');
   });
 });