diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index 553f20b..37ef7f0 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
         "@libpg-query/parser": "^17.6.3",
         "@opentelemetry/api": "^1.9.0",
         "@pgsql/types": "^17.6.2",
-        "@query-doctor/core": "^0.17.0",
+        "@query-doctor/core": "^0.18.0",
         "async-sema": "^3.1.1",
         "capnweb": "^0.7.0",
         "dedent": "^1.7.1",
@@ -1193,9 +1193,9 @@
       "license": "BSD-3-Clause"
     },
     "node_modules/@query-doctor/core": {
-      "version": "0.17.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@query-doctor/core/-/core-0.17.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-WN0so5G6dqmOx0v7NGw58nTbTlIXdX/eTHRIyxSP/uBLPGfYPmTna3B+o4s2KixA7uVez5uaCM//1KhJ36r/Ww==",
+      "version": "0.18.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@query-doctor/core/-/core-0.18.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Z3ldmkUv92U2vxw9OI8J4eOn/MUxTMheqcRy+HJuCeMAcZGj2Sbv4XB60TzhtnLIbMt4EBCK/NysLeGxjlWm8w==",
       "dependencies": {
         "@pgsql/types": "^17.6.2",
         "capnweb": "^0.10.0",
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 2bd0eb9..c788625 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
     "@libpg-query/parser": "^17.6.3",
     "@opentelemetry/api": "^1.9.0",
     "@pgsql/types": "^17.6.2",
-    "@query-doctor/core": "^0.17.0",
+    "@query-doctor/core": "^0.18.0",
     "async-sema": "^3.1.1",
     "capnweb": "^0.7.0",
     "dedent": "^1.7.1",
diff --git a/src/config.test.ts b/src/config.test.ts
index b57a888..b1c943a 100644
--- a/src/config.test.ts
+++ b/src/config.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { test, expect, vi } from "vitest";
-import { DEFAULT_CONFIG } from "./config.ts";
+import { configuredStatisticsScale, DEFAULT_CONFIG } from "./config.ts";
 import type { ServerApi } from "@query-doctor/core";
 import type { RpcStub } from "capnweb";
 
@@ -55,3 +55,19 @@ test("passes repo and branch to getRepoConfig", async () => {
   await resolveConfig(api, "org/repo", "feat/my-branch");
   expect(getRepoConfig).toHaveBeenCalledWith("org/repo", "feat/my-branch");
 });
+
+test("reads the scale the repo is configured at", () => {
+  expect(configuredStatisticsScale({ ...DEFAULT_CONFIG, statisticsScale: 10 }))
+    .toBe(10);
+});
+
+test("falls back to the current data size when the repo config has no scale", () => {
+  // A Site that predates the setting, or a run with no repo config at all.
+  expect(configuredStatisticsScale(DEFAULT_CONFIG)).toBe(1);
+  expect(configuredStatisticsScale(undefined)).toBe(1);
+});
+
+test("ignores a scale the Site could not have meant", () => {
+  expect(configuredStatisticsScale({ statisticsScale: 0 })).toBe(1);
+  expect(configuredStatisticsScale({ statisticsScale: "10" })).toBe(1);
+});
diff --git a/src/config.ts b/src/config.ts
index bfdc801..76a7959 100644
--- a/src/config.ts
+++ b/src/config.ts
@@ -13,6 +13,12 @@ export interface AnalyzerConfig {
    * it through `getRepoConfig`; the gate honours it the moment it arrives.
    */
   conditionPolicies?: RepoPolicyConfig;
+  /**
+   * The multiple of the current data the repo asks its queries to be planned
+   * against (#3119). 1 is the current size, which is what a repo gets until
+   * someone raises it in CI settings.
+   */
+  statisticsScale?: number;
 }
 
 export const DEFAULT_CONFIG: AnalyzerConfig = {
@@ -20,4 +26,21 @@ export const DEFAULT_CONFIG: AnalyzerConfig = {
   regressionThreshold: 0,
   ignoredQueryHashes: [],
   acknowledgedQueryHashes: [],
+  statisticsScale: 1,
 };
+
+/**
+ * The scale a repo is configured at, read off whatever the relay returned.
+ *
+ * The Site has sent `statisticsScale` on the repo config since #3115, but
+ * core's `RepoConfig` type does not declare it, so the read is defensive and
+ * lives in this one place. A missing, non-numeric, or sub-1 value means the
+ * current data size: an analyzer talking to an older Site keeps working, and a
+ * nonsense value never reaches the planner. Drop the cast once core ships the
+ * field on `RepoConfig`.
+ */
+export function configuredStatisticsScale(config: unknown): number {
+  const scale = (config as { statisticsScale?: unknown } | null | undefined)
+    ?.statisticsScale;
+  return typeof scale === "number" && scale >= 1 ? scale : 1;
+}
diff --git a/src/main.ts b/src/main.ts
index 33b526e..4cf1f77 100644
--- a/src/main.ts
+++ b/src/main.ts
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import { gateRegression } from "./gate/regression.ts";
 import { gateNewQuery } from "./gate/new-query.ts";
 import { gateSchemaChange } from "./gate/schema-change.ts";
 import { resolveVerdict } from "./gate/policy.ts";
-import { DEFAULT_CONFIG } from "./config.ts";
+import { configuredStatisticsScale, DEFAULT_CONFIG } from "./config.ts";
 import { ApiClient } from "./remote/api-client.ts";
 import { Remote } from "./remote/remote.ts";
 import { ConnectionManager } from "./sync/connection-manager.ts";
@@ -99,6 +99,14 @@ async function runInCI(
       ? new PgbadgerSource(logPath)
       : remoteDbManager.getConnectorFor(sourcePostgresUrl);
 
+    const statisticsScale = configuredStatisticsScale(config);
+    if (statisticsScale !== 1) {
+      log.info(
+        `Modeling queries at ${statisticsScale}x the current data size`,
+        "main",
+      );
+    }
+
     const runner = await Runner.build({
       targetPostgresUrl,
       sourcePostgresUrl,
@@ -107,6 +115,7 @@ async function runInCI(
       ignoredQueryHashes: config.ignoredQueryHashes,
       remote,
       productionStats: productionStats ?? undefined,
+      statisticsScale,
     });
     let allResults: QueryProcessResult[];
     let reportContext;
diff --git a/src/runner.test.ts b/src/runner.test.ts
index dacb7f0..28ffc5e 100644
--- a/src/runner.test.ts
+++ b/src/runner.test.ts
@@ -80,3 +80,53 @@ describe("Runner.determineStatsMode precedence", () => {
     expect(await Runner.determineStatsMode()).toEqual(syntheticMode);
   });
 });
+
+describe("Runner.determineStatsMode at a configured scale", () => {
+  const TABLE: ExportedStats = {
+    tableName: "users",
+    schemaName: "public",
+    relpages: 10,
+    reltuples: 166_000,
+    relallvisible: 8,
+    columns: [],
+    indexes: [],
+  };
+
+  /** CI always resolves a static mode; this narrows the union to read it. */
+  async function staticMode(
+    productionStats?: ExportedStats[],
+    scale?: number,
+  ) {
+    const strategy = await Runner.determineStatsMode(
+      undefined,
+      productionStats,
+      scale,
+    );
+    if (strategy.type !== "static") {
+      throw new Error(`expected a static stats mode, got ${strategy.type}`);
+    }
+    return strategy.stats;
+  }
+
+  test("models production stats at the repo's scale", async () => {
+    const stats = await staticMode([TABLE], 10);
+
+    expect(stats.kind).toBe("fromStatisticsExport");
+    expect(stats.scale).toBe(10);
+  });
+
+  test("models the synthetic assumption at the repo's scale", async () => {
+    const stats = await staticMode(undefined, 1000);
+
+    expect(stats.kind).toBe("fromAssumption");
+    expect(stats.scale).toBe(1000);
+  });
+
+  test("leaves the mode unscaled when the repo is configured at 1x", async () => {
+    expect((await staticMode([TABLE], 1)).scale).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  test("leaves the mode unscaled when no scale is configured", async () => {
+    expect((await staticMode([TABLE])).scale).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/runner.ts b/src/runner.ts
index c69d8f2..61283fb 100644
--- a/src/runner.ts
+++ b/src/runner.ts
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import { Connectable } from "./sync/connectable.ts";
 import { Remote, StatisticsStrategy } from "./remote/remote.ts";
 import { ConnectionManager } from "./sync/connection-manager.ts";
 import type { OptimizedQuery } from "./sql/recent-query.ts";
-import { ExportedStats, Statistics } from "@query-doctor/core";
+import { ExportedStats, Statistics, type StatisticsMode } from "@query-doctor/core";
 import { readFile } from "node:fs/promises";
 import { buildQueries } from "./reporters/site-api.ts";
 
@@ -37,6 +37,10 @@ export class Runner {
     // Real production statistics pulled from the Site API. When present, queries
     // are costed against true prod cardinality instead of synthetic assumptions.
     productionStats?: ExportedStats[];
+    // The repo's configured statistics scale. Queries are then planned against
+    // this multiple of the data, which answers whether they hold up at a size
+    // the database hasn't reached yet.
+    statisticsScale?: number;
   }) {
     const remote = options.remote ?? new Remote(
       options.targetPostgresUrl,
@@ -45,7 +49,7 @@ export class Runner {
       { disableQueryLoader: true }
     );
     await remote.syncFrom(options.sourcePostgresUrl,
-      await Runner.determineStatsMode(options.statisticsPath, options.productionStats)
+      await Runner.determineStatsMode(options.statisticsPath, options.productionStats, options.statisticsScale)
     );
     await remote.optimizer.finish;
     return new Runner(
@@ -59,14 +63,23 @@ export class Runner {
   // Stats-mode precedence for CI: real production stats pulled from the Site API
   // win, then an explicit stats file, then synthetic assumptions. CI never dumps
   // stats from the ephemeral target database itself.
+  //
+  // `scale` applies to whichever mode wins: core multiplies the planner's view
+  // of table and index size by it and leaves column statistics alone. A scale of
+  // 1 is left off the mode entirely, so a repo at the default size posts exactly
+  // the payload it did before.
   static async determineStatsMode(
     statsPath?: string,
     productionStats?: ExportedStats[],
+    scale?: number,
   ): Promise<StatisticsStrategy> {
+    const atScale = <T extends StatisticsMode>(stats: T): T =>
+      scale && scale !== 1 ? { ...stats, scale } : stats;
+
     if (productionStats && productionStats.length > 0) {
       return {
         type: "static",
-        stats: Statistics.statsModeFromExport(productionStats),
+        stats: atScale(Statistics.statsModeFromExport(productionStats)),
       };
     }
     if (statsPath) {
@@ -75,20 +88,20 @@ export class Runner {
       const stats = ExportedStats.array().parse(rawStats);
       return {
         type: "static",
-        stats: {
+        stats: atScale({
           kind: "fromStatisticsExport",
           source: { kind: "path", path: statsPath },
           stats
-        }
+        })
       }
     }
 
     return {
       type: "static",
-      stats: {
+      stats: atScale({
         kind: "fromAssumption",
         reltuples: 10_000_000,
-      }
+      })
     }
   }