diff --git a/.github/workflows/build.yaml b/.github/workflows/build.yaml
index fca7b83..fc27b2c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yaml
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ jobs:
           make release-linux
 
       - name: Push artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: libgo_owasm.so
           path: api/libgo_owasm.so
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ jobs:
           make release-osx
 
       - name: Push artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: libgo_owasm.dylib
           path: api/libgo_owasm.dylib
@@ -60,13 +60,13 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v3
 
       - name: Download libgo_owasm.so
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: libgo_owasm.so
           path: api
       
       - name: Download libgo_owasm.dylib
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: libgo_owasm.dylib
           path: api
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yaml b/.github/workflows/ci.yaml
index 9367659..bdaea82 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yaml
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install Rust and rust toolchain
         uses: actions-rs/toolchain@v1
         with:
-          toolchain: stable
+          toolchain: 1.76
           override: true
 
       - name: Install Go
diff --git a/api/libgo_owasm.dylib b/api/libgo_owasm.dylib
index 6013e1a..65c3d0c 100644
Binary files a/api/libgo_owasm.dylib and b/api/libgo_owasm.dylib differ
diff --git a/api/libgo_owasm.so b/api/libgo_owasm.so
index 47650bb..596c53a 100644
Binary files a/api/libgo_owasm.so and b/api/libgo_owasm.so differ
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index a114df1..5b26407 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -7,5 +7,5 @@ require github.com/stretchr/testify v1.6.1
 require (
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
-	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c // indirect
+	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 )
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index afe7890..b624904 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -7,5 +7,6 @@ github.com/stretchr/testify v1.6.1 h1:hDPOHmpOpP40lSULcqw7IrRb/u7w6RpDC9399XyoNd
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.6.1/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405 h1:yhCVgyC4o1eVCa2tZl7eS0r+SDo693bJlVdllGtEeKM=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c h1:dUUwHk2QECo/6vqA44rthZ8ie2QXMNeKRTHCNY2nXvo=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
diff --git a/libgo_owasm/Cargo.lock b/libgo_owasm/Cargo.lock
index c2c208a..c8a7fe4 100644
--- a/libgo_owasm/Cargo.lock
+++ b/libgo_owasm/Cargo.lock
@@ -8,7 +8,12 @@ version = "0.17.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b9ecd88a8c8378ca913a680cd98f0f13ac67383d35993f86c90a70e3f137816b"
 dependencies = [
+ "cpp_demangle",
+ "fallible-iterator",
  "gimli",
+ "object 0.27.1",
+ "rustc-demangle",
+ "smallvec",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -17,6 +22,12 @@ version = "1.0.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f26201604c87b1e01bd3d98f8d5d9a8fcbb815e8cedb41ffccbeb4bf593a35fe"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "adler2"
+version = "2.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "320119579fcad9c21884f5c4861d16174d0e06250625266f50fe6898340abefa"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ahash"
 version = "0.7.6"
@@ -70,7 +81,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "cc",
  "cfg-if",
  "libc",
- "miniz_oxide",
+ "miniz_oxide 0.5.3",
  "object 0.29.0",
  "rustc-demangle",
 ]
@@ -185,7 +196,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "libc",
  "scopeguard",
- "windows-sys",
+ "windows-sys 0.33.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "cpp_demangle"
+version = "0.3.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "eeaa953eaad386a53111e47172c2fedba671e5684c8dd601a5f474f4f118710f"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -404,6 +424,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "instant",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "flate2"
+version = "1.1.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "843fba2746e448b37e26a819579957415c8cef339bf08564fe8b7ddbd959573c"
+dependencies = [
+ "crc32fast",
+ "miniz_oxide 0.8.9",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "fnv"
 version = "1.0.7"
@@ -444,7 +474,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "go-owasm"
-version = "0.2.2"
+version = "0.3.2"
 dependencies = [
  "cbindgen",
  "failure",
@@ -493,6 +523,15 @@ version = "0.4.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7f24254aa9a54b5c858eaee2f5bccdb46aaf0e486a595ed5fd8f86ba55232a70"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "home"
+version = "0.5.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5444c27eef6923071f7ebcc33e3444508466a76f7a2b93da00ed6e19f30c1ddb"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-sys 0.48.0",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ident_case"
 version = "1.0.1"
@@ -634,6 +673,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "adler",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "miniz_oxide"
+version = "0.8.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1fa76a2c86f704bdb222d66965fb3d63269ce38518b83cb0575fca855ebb6316"
+dependencies = [
+ "adler2",
+ "simd-adler32",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "more-asserts"
 version = "0.2.2"
@@ -668,6 +717,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "object"
+version = "0.27.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "67ac1d3f9a1d3616fd9a60c8d74296f22406a238b6a72f5cc1e6f314df4ffbf9"
+dependencies = [
+ "flate2",
+ "memchr",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "object"
 version = "0.28.4"
@@ -703,9 +762,9 @@ checksum = "624a8340c38c1b80fd549087862da4ba43e08858af025b236e509b6649fc13d5"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "owasm-crypto"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.3.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "eaf6981f8e30eb028bd0c1eeb72d63a9d80b2da5624f1fe03783a10bc985fa50"
+checksum = "54e0449a6a19910fe5b719df3f23027c830e93a08eafd81fec043c751974a922"
 dependencies = [
  "hex",
  "lazy_static",
@@ -716,14 +775,19 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "owasm-vm"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.3.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "47b8c495d216e034cfae5abb0f797cf88ddf6fac0b01490d1cd124304cf81501"
+checksum = "44dfb5cfd04f082ae2cfee2e3db65228f767aaec8d1b71cb76c8c802ddd0d64a"
 dependencies = [
+ "addr2line",
  "assert_matches",
+ "backtrace",
  "clru",
  "hex",
+ "home",
  "owasm-crypto",
+ "rayon",
+ "rayon-core",
  "sha2",
  "tempfile",
  "wasm-instrument",
@@ -986,6 +1050,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "opaque-debug",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "simd-adler32"
+version = "0.3.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "703d5c7ef118737c72f1af64ad2f6f8c5e1921f818cdcb97b8fe6fc69bf66214"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "smallvec"
 version = "1.9.0"
@@ -1515,39 +1585,105 @@ version = "0.33.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "43dbb096663629518eb1dfa72d80243ca5a6aca764cae62a2df70af760a9be75"
 dependencies = [
- "windows_aarch64_msvc",
- "windows_i686_gnu",
- "windows_i686_msvc",
- "windows_x86_64_gnu",
- "windows_x86_64_msvc",
+ "windows_aarch64_msvc 0.33.0",
+ "windows_i686_gnu 0.33.0",
+ "windows_i686_msvc 0.33.0",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnu 0.33.0",
+ "windows_x86_64_msvc 0.33.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-sys"
+version = "0.48.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "677d2418bec65e3338edb076e806bc1ec15693c5d0104683f2efe857f61056a9"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-targets",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-targets"
+version = "0.48.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9a2fa6e2155d7247be68c096456083145c183cbbbc2764150dda45a87197940c"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows_aarch64_gnullvm",
+ "windows_aarch64_msvc 0.48.5",
+ "windows_i686_gnu 0.48.5",
+ "windows_i686_msvc 0.48.5",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnu 0.48.5",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnullvm",
+ "windows_x86_64_msvc 0.48.5",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_aarch64_gnullvm"
+version = "0.48.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2b38e32f0abccf9987a4e3079dfb67dcd799fb61361e53e2882c3cbaf0d905d8"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_aarch64_msvc"
 version = "0.33.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "cd761fd3eb9ab8cc1ed81e56e567f02dd82c4c837e48ac3b2181b9ffc5060807"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_aarch64_msvc"
+version = "0.48.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dc35310971f3b2dbbf3f0690a219f40e2d9afcf64f9ab7cc1be722937c26b4bc"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_i686_gnu"
 version = "0.33.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "cab0cf703a96bab2dc0c02c0fa748491294bf9b7feb27e1f4f96340f208ada0e"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_i686_gnu"
+version = "0.48.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a75915e7def60c94dcef72200b9a8e58e5091744960da64ec734a6c6e9b3743e"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_i686_msvc"
 version = "0.33.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "8cfdbe89cc9ad7ce618ba34abc34bbb6c36d99e96cae2245b7943cd75ee773d0"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_i686_msvc"
+version = "0.48.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8f55c233f70c4b27f66c523580f78f1004e8b5a8b659e05a4eb49d4166cca406"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_gnu"
 version = "0.33.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b4dd9b0c0e9ece7bb22e84d70d01b71c6d6248b81a3c60d11869451b4cb24784"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_gnu"
+version = "0.48.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "53d40abd2583d23e4718fddf1ebec84dbff8381c07cae67ff7768bbf19c6718e"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_gnullvm"
+version = "0.48.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0b7b52767868a23d5bab768e390dc5f5c55825b6d30b86c844ff2dc7414044cc"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_msvc"
 version = "0.33.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ff1e4aa646495048ec7f3ffddc411e1d829c026a2ec62b39da15c1055e406eaa"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_msvc"
+version = "0.48.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ed94fce61571a4006852b7389a063ab983c02eb1bb37b47f8272ce92d06d9538"
diff --git a/libgo_owasm/Cargo.toml b/libgo_owasm/Cargo.toml
index cda0515..38a19dc 100644
--- a/libgo_owasm/Cargo.toml
+++ b/libgo_owasm/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "go-owasm"
-version = "0.2.2"
+version = "0.3.2"
 authors = ["Sorawit Suriyakarn <swit@bandprotocol.com>"]
 edition = "2021"
 
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ path = "src/lib.rs"
 crate-type = ["staticlib"]
 
 [dependencies]
-owasm-vm = "0.3.1"
+owasm-vm = "0.3.2"
 failure = "0.1.6"
 
 [build-dependencies]
diff --git a/libgo_owasm/src/lib.rs b/libgo_owasm/src/lib.rs
index 2a53d45..55609d7 100644
--- a/libgo_owasm/src/lib.rs
+++ b/libgo_owasm/src/lib.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use env::{Env, RunOutput};
 use span::Span;
 
 use failure::{bail, Error as FailureError};
-use std::panic::catch_unwind;
+use std::panic::{catch_unwind, AssertUnwindSafe};
 
 use owasm_vm;
 use owasm_vm::cache::{Cache, CacheOptions};
@@ -73,12 +73,16 @@ pub extern "C" fn do_run(
 ) -> Error {
     if !cache.is_null() {
         let vm_querier = vm::VMQuerier::new(env);
-        match owasm_vm::run(to_cache(cache).unwrap(), code.read(), gas_limit, is_prepare, vm_querier) {
-            Ok(gas_used) => {
+        let result = catch_unwind(AssertUnwindSafe(|| {
+            owasm_vm::run(to_cache(cache).unwrap(), code.read(), gas_limit, is_prepare, vm_querier)
+        }));
+        match result {
+            Ok(Ok(gas_used)) => {
                 output.gas_used = gas_used;
                 Error::NoError
             }
-            Err(e) => e,
+            Ok(Err(e)) => e,
+            Err(_) => Error::RuntimeError, // panic → safe error
         }
     } else {
         Error::UnknownError