diff --git a/src/archive/tar/common.go b/src/archive/tar/common.go
index ad31bbb64aaa5c..19b8b9fac3dca7 100644
--- a/src/archive/tar/common.go
+++ b/src/archive/tar/common.go
@@ -24,9 +24,8 @@ import (
 	"time"
 )
 
-// BUG: Use of the Uid and Gid fields in Header could overflow on 32-bit
-// architectures. If a large value is encountered when decoding, the result
-// stored in Header will be the truncated version.
+// BUG: Use of the Uid and Gid fields in Header cannot represent values above
+// int on 32-bit architectures when writing.
 
 var tarinsecurepath = godebug.New("tarinsecurepath")
 
diff --git a/src/archive/tar/reader.go b/src/archive/tar/reader.go
index e3083b2b0d9c25..ea5b5e09773dde 100644
--- a/src/archive/tar/reader.go
+++ b/src/archive/tar/reader.go
@@ -391,8 +391,8 @@ func (tr *Reader) readHeader() (*Header, *block, error) {
 	hdr.Linkname = p.parseString(v7.linkName())
 	hdr.Size = p.parseNumeric(v7.size())
 	hdr.Mode = p.parseNumeric(v7.mode())
-	hdr.Uid = int(p.parseNumeric(v7.uid()))
-	hdr.Gid = int(p.parseNumeric(v7.gid()))
+	hdr.Uid = p.parseInt(v7.uid())
+	hdr.Gid = p.parseInt(v7.gid())
 	hdr.ModTime = time.Unix(p.parseNumeric(v7.modTime()), 0)
 
 	// Unpack format specific fields.
diff --git a/src/archive/tar/reader_test.go b/src/archive/tar/reader_test.go
index 621cf29f3e3cd6..e007f70cdf85b9 100644
--- a/src/archive/tar/reader_test.go
+++ b/src/archive/tar/reader_test.go
@@ -1749,3 +1749,70 @@ func TestMergePAXIntegerOverflow(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestHeaderNumericIDIntegerOverflow(t *testing.T) {
+	makeHeader := func(uid, gid int64) []byte {
+		var blk block
+		var f formatter
+		v7 := blk.toV7()
+		copy(v7.name(), "testfile")
+		v7.typeFlag()[0] = TypeReg
+		f.formatOctal(v7.mode(), 0644)
+		f.formatNumeric(v7.uid(), uid)
+		f.formatNumeric(v7.gid(), gid)
+		f.formatOctal(v7.size(), 0)
+		f.formatOctal(v7.modTime(), 0)
+		blk.setFormat(FormatGNU)
+		return blk[:]
+	}
+
+	vectors := []struct {
+		name    string
+		uid     int64
+		gid     int64
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{"Normal", 1000, 1000, false},
+		{"BoundaryMaxInt32", 1<<31 - 1, 1000, false},
+		{"OverflowUID_1<<31", 1 << 31, 1000, math.MaxInt < 1<<31},
+		{"OverflowGID_1<<31", 1000, 1 << 31, math.MaxInt < 1<<31},
+		{"OverflowUID_1<<32", 1 << 32, 1000, math.MaxInt < 1<<32},
+		{"OverflowGID_1<<32", 1000, 1 << 32, math.MaxInt < 1<<32},
+		{"BoundaryMinInt32", -1 << 31, 1000, false},
+		{"UnderflowUID_-1<<31-1", -1<<31 - 1, 1000, math.MinInt > -1<<31-1},
+		{"UnderflowGID_-1<<31-1", 1000, -1<<31 - 1, math.MinInt > -1<<31-1},
+		{"UnderflowUID_-1<<40", -1 << 40, 1000, math.MinInt > -1<<40},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range vectors {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			raw := makeHeader(tt.uid, tt.gid)
+			var buf bytes.Buffer
+			buf.Write(raw)
+			buf.Write(make([]byte, 1024))
+
+			tr := NewReader(&buf)
+			hdr, err := tr.Next()
+			if tt.wantErr {
+				if err == nil {
+					t.Fatal("Expected non-nil error")
+				}
+				if !errors.Is(err, ErrHeader) {
+					t.Fatalf("Expected error of type ErrHeader, got %v", err)
+				}
+				if hdr != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("Expected nil header on error, got %+v", hdr)
+				}
+			} else {
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
+				}
+				if hdr.Uid != int(tt.uid) {
+					t.Fatalf("hdr.Uid = %d, want %d", hdr.Uid, tt.uid)
+				}
+				if hdr.Gid != int(tt.gid) {
+					t.Fatalf("hdr.Gid = %d, want %d", hdr.Gid, tt.gid)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/archive/tar/strconv.go b/src/archive/tar/strconv.go
index d3c28a8c4e3bce..835479a9b8a0dc 100644
--- a/src/archive/tar/strconv.go
+++ b/src/archive/tar/strconv.go
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ package tar
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
+	"math"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
@@ -134,6 +135,17 @@ func (p *parser) parseNumeric(b []byte) int64 {
 	return p.parseOctal(b)
 }
 
+// parseInt is like parseNumeric but reports ErrHeader if the value does not
+// fit in the platform's int.
+func (p *parser) parseInt(b []byte) int {
+	n := p.parseNumeric(b)
+	if n > math.MaxInt || n < math.MinInt {
+		p.err = ErrHeader
+		return 0
+	}
+	return int(n)
+}
+
 // formatNumeric encodes x into b using base-8 (octal) encoding if possible.
 // Otherwise it will attempt to use base-256 (binary) encoding.
 func (f *formatter) formatNumeric(b []byte, x int64) {