diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 2e56e7357c..614f240d4e 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 
 ## Unreleased
 
+- `opentelemetry-sdk`: add `additional_properties` support to generated config models via custom `datamodel-codegen` template, enabling plugin/custom component names to flow through typed dataclasses
+  ([#5131](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-python/pull/5131))
 - Fix incorrect code example in `create_tracer()` docstring
   ([#5072](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-python/issues/5072))
 - `opentelemetry-sdk`: add `load_entry_point` shared utility to declarative file configuration for loading plugins via entry points; refactor propagator loading to use it
diff --git a/opentelemetry-sdk/codegen/README.md b/opentelemetry-sdk/codegen/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d28e52b4cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opentelemetry-sdk/codegen/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Code Generation Templates
+
+Custom [datamodel-code-generator](https://github.com/koxudaxi/datamodel-code-generator) templates used when generating `models.py` from the OpenTelemetry configuration JSON schema.
+
+## `dataclass.jinja2`
+
+Extends the default dataclass template to support `additionalProperties` from the JSON Schema. Schema types that allow additional properties (e.g. `Sampler`, `SpanExporter`, `TextMapPropagator`) get:
+
+- `@_additional_properties` decorator — captures unknown constructor kwargs
+- `additional_properties: ClassVar[dict[str, Any]]` annotation — satisfies type checkers without creating a dataclass field
+
+This enables plugin/custom component names to flow through typed dataclasses without a post-processing step.
+
+## Usage
+
+Templates are applied automatically when regenerating models:
+
+```sh
+tox -e generate-config-from-jsonschema
+```
+
+The template directory is configured in `pyproject.toml` under `[tool.datamodel-codegen]`.
+
+See `opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/_configuration/README.md` for the full schema update workflow.
diff --git a/opentelemetry-sdk/codegen/dataclass.jinja2 b/opentelemetry-sdk/codegen/dataclass.jinja2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f584357c8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opentelemetry-sdk/codegen/dataclass.jinja2
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+{# Custom dataclass template for OpenTelemetry configuration models.
+   Extends the default datamodel-codegen dataclass template to support
+   JSON Schema additionalProperties. When a schema type allows additional
+   properties (e.g. Sampler, SpanExporter), this template adds:
+   - @_additional_properties decorator (captures unknown kwargs)
+   - additional_properties: ClassVar[dict[str, Any]] annotation (for type checkers)
+
+   The template checks two context variables set by datamodel-codegen:
+   - additionalProperties: set when the schema value is a boolean (true/false)
+   - additionalPropertiesType: set when the schema value is a type object
+     (e.g. {"type": ["object", "null"]}), which is how the OTel config
+     schema defines it for plugin-capable types.
+
+   See TestGeneratedModelsHaveAdditionalProperties in test_common.py for
+   regression tests that guard against changes in these context variables.
+-#}
+{% for decorator in decorators -%}
+{{ decorator }}
+{% endfor -%}
+{%- set args = [] %}
+{%- for k, v in (dataclass_arguments or {}).items() %}
+    {%- if v is not none and v is not false %}
+        {%- set _ = args.append(k ~ '=' ~ (v|pprint)) %}
+    {%- endif %}
+{%- endfor %}
+{%- set has_additional = (additionalProperties is defined and additionalProperties != false) or (additionalPropertiesType is defined) %}
+{%- if has_additional %}
+@_additional_properties
+{%- endif %}
+{%- if args %}
+@dataclass({{ args | join(', ') }})
+{%- else %}
+@dataclass
+{%- endif %}
+{%- if base_class %}
+class {{ class_name }}({{ base_class }}):
+{%- else %}
+class {{ class_name }}:
+{%- endif %}
+{%- if description %}
+    """
+    {{ description | escape_docstring | indent(4) }}
+    """
+{%- endif %}
+{%- if not fields and not description and not has_additional %}
+    pass
+{%- endif %}
+{%- for field in fields -%}
+    {%- if field.field %}
+    {{ field.name }}: {{ field.type_hint }} = {{ field.field }}
+    {%- else %}
+    {{ field.name }}: {{ field.type_hint }}
+    {%- if not (field.required or (field.represented_default == 'None' and field.strip_default_none))
+            %} = {{ field.represented_default }}
+    {%- endif -%}
+    {%- endif %}
+    {%- if field.docstring %}
+    """
+    {{ field.docstring | escape_docstring | indent(4) }}
+    """
+{%- if field.use_inline_field_description and not loop.last %}
+
+{% endif %}
+    {%- elif field.inline_field_docstring %}
+    {{ field.inline_field_docstring }}
+{%- if not loop.last %}
+
+{% endif %}
+    {%- endif %}
+{%- endfor -%}
+{%- if has_additional %}
+    additional_properties: ClassVar[dict[str, Any]]
+{%- endif -%}
diff --git a/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/_configuration/README.md b/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/_configuration/README.md
index 5911d5f76a..e7cf918eea 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/_configuration/README.md
+++ b/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/_configuration/README.md
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ This package implements [OpenTelemetry file-based configuration](https://opentel
 ## Files
 
 - `schema.json` — vendored copy of the [OpenTelemetry configuration JSON schema](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-configuration)
-- `models.py` — Python dataclasses generated from `schema.json` by [datamodel-code-generator](https://github.com/koxudaxi/datamodel-code-generator)
+- `models.py` — Python dataclasses generated from `schema.json` by [datamodel-code-generator](https://github.com/koxudaxi/datamodel-code-generator), using a custom template from `opentelemetry-sdk/codegen/` (see that directory's README for details)
 
 ## Updating the schema
 
diff --git a/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/_configuration/_common.py b/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/_configuration/_common.py
index 0498a19e13..5e4d569961 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/_configuration/_common.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/_configuration/_common.py
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import dataclasses
+import inspect
 import logging
 from typing import Optional, Type
 
@@ -23,6 +25,40 @@
 _logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
+def _additional_properties(cls):
+    """Decorator for dataclasses whose JSON Schema sets additionalProperties.
+
+    Wraps the dataclass-generated ``__init__`` so that unknown keyword
+    arguments are captured into an ``additional_properties`` instance
+    attribute instead of raising ``TypeError``.  This lets plugin/custom
+    component names flow through the config pipeline without modifying
+    the codegen output for known fields.
+
+    Applied automatically by the custom template in ``opentelemetry-sdk/codegen/``
+    when ``additionalPropertiesType`` is present in the template context
+    (set by ``datamodel-codegen`` for schema types with ``additionalProperties``).
+    """
+    original_init = cls.__init__
+    original_sig = inspect.signature(original_init)
+    known_fields = frozenset(f.name for f in dataclasses.fields(cls))
+
+    def _init(self, **kwargs):
+        known = {k: v for k, v in kwargs.items() if k in known_fields}
+        extra = {k: v for k, v in kwargs.items() if k not in known_fields}
+        original_init(self, **known)
+        self.additional_properties = extra
+
+    # Preserve the original parameter list for IDE autocompletion and
+    # inspect.signature(), adding **kwargs to signal extras are accepted.
+    # setattr used because pyright rejects direct __signature__ assignment.
+    params = list(original_sig.parameters.values())
+    params.append(inspect.Parameter("kwargs", inspect.Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD))
+    setattr(_init, "__signature__", original_sig.replace(parameters=params))  # noqa: B010
+
+    cls.__init__ = _init
+    return cls
+
+
 def load_entry_point(group: str, name: str) -> Type:
     """Load a plugin class from an entry point group by name.
 
diff --git a/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/_configuration/models.py b/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/_configuration/models.py
index 5159137228..1c97e3536a 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/_configuration/models.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/_configuration/models.py
@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 # generated by datamodel-codegen:
 #   filename:  schema.json
-#   timestamp: 2026-04-13T15:12:07+00:00
+#   timestamp: 2026-04-23T13:18:12+00:00
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from enum import Enum
-from typing import Any, TypeAlias
+from typing import Any, ClassVar, TypeAlias
+
+from opentelemetry.sdk._configuration._common import _additional_properties
 
 AlwaysOffSampler: TypeAlias = dict[str, Any] | None
 
@@ -350,12 +352,14 @@ class SeverityNumber(Enum):
     fatal4 = "fatal4"
 
 
+@_additional_properties
 @dataclass
 class SpanExporter:
     otlp_http: OtlpHttpExporter | None = None
     otlp_grpc: OtlpGrpcExporter | None = None
     otlp_file_development: ExperimentalOtlpFileExporter | None = None
     console: ConsoleExporter | None = None
+    additional_properties: ClassVar[dict[str, Any]]
 
 
 class SpanKind(Enum):
@@ -500,12 +504,14 @@ class ExperimentalPrometheusMetricExporter:
     )
 
 
+@_additional_properties
 @dataclass
 class ExperimentalResourceDetector:
     container: ExperimentalContainerResourceDetector | None = None
     host: ExperimentalHostResourceDetector | None = None
     process: ExperimentalProcessResourceDetector | None = None
     service: ExperimentalServiceResourceDetector | None = None
+    additional_properties: ClassVar[dict[str, Any]]
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -524,22 +530,28 @@ class ExperimentalTracerConfigurator:
     tracers: list[ExperimentalTracerMatcherAndConfig] | None = None
 
 
+@_additional_properties
 @dataclass
 class LogRecordExporter:
     otlp_http: OtlpHttpExporter | None = None
     otlp_grpc: OtlpGrpcExporter | None = None
     otlp_file_development: ExperimentalOtlpFileExporter | None = None
     console: ConsoleExporter | None = None
+    additional_properties: ClassVar[dict[str, Any]]
 
 
+@_additional_properties
 @dataclass
 class MetricProducer:
     opencensus: OpenCensusMetricProducer | None = None
+    additional_properties: ClassVar[dict[str, Any]]
 
 
+@_additional_properties
 @dataclass
 class PullMetricExporter:
     prometheus_development: ExperimentalPrometheusMetricExporter | None = None
+    additional_properties: ClassVar[dict[str, Any]]
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -549,12 +561,14 @@ class PullMetricReader:
     cardinality_limits: CardinalityLimits | None = None
 
 
+@_additional_properties
 @dataclass
 class PushMetricExporter:
     otlp_http: OtlpHttpMetricExporter | None = None
     otlp_grpc: OtlpGrpcMetricExporter | None = None
     otlp_file_development: ExperimentalOtlpFileMetricExporter | None = None
     console: ConsoleMetricExporter | None = None
+    additional_properties: ClassVar[dict[str, Any]]
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -567,18 +581,22 @@ class SimpleSpanProcessor:
     exporter: SpanExporter
 
 
+@_additional_properties
 @dataclass
 class SpanProcessor:
     batch: BatchSpanProcessor | None = None
     simple: SimpleSpanProcessor | None = None
+    additional_properties: ClassVar[dict[str, Any]]
 
 
+@_additional_properties
 @dataclass
 class TextMapPropagator:
     tracecontext: TraceContextPropagator | None = None
     baggage: BaggagePropagator | None = None
     b3: B3Propagator | None = None
     b3multi: B3MultiPropagator | None = None
+    additional_properties: ClassVar[dict[str, Any]]
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -639,10 +657,12 @@ class ExperimentalResourceDetection:
     detectors: list[ExperimentalResourceDetector] | None = None
 
 
+@_additional_properties
 @dataclass
 class LogRecordProcessor:
     batch: BatchLogRecordProcessor | None = None
     simple: SimpleLogRecordProcessor | None = None
+    additional_properties: ClassVar[dict[str, Any]]
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -697,6 +717,7 @@ class MeterProvider:
     meter_configurator_development: ExperimentalMeterConfigurator | None = None
 
 
+@_additional_properties
 @dataclass
 class OpenTelemetryConfiguration:
     file_format: str
@@ -710,6 +731,7 @@ class OpenTelemetryConfiguration:
     resource: Resource | None = None
     instrumentation_development: ExperimentalInstrumentation | None = None
     distribution: Distribution | None = None
+    additional_properties: ClassVar[dict[str, Any]]
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -741,6 +763,7 @@ class ExperimentalComposableRuleBasedSamplerRule:
     parent: list[ExperimentalSpanParent] | None = None
 
 
+@_additional_properties
 @dataclass
 class ExperimentalComposableSampler:
     always_off: ExperimentalComposableAlwaysOffSampler | None = None
@@ -750,6 +773,7 @@ class ExperimentalComposableSampler:
     )
     probability: ExperimentalComposableProbabilitySampler | None = None
     rule_based: ExperimentalComposableRuleBasedSampler | None = None
+    additional_properties: ClassVar[dict[str, Any]]
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -768,6 +792,7 @@ class ParentBasedSampler:
     local_parent_not_sampled: Sampler | None = None
 
 
+@_additional_properties
 @dataclass
 class Sampler:
     always_off: AlwaysOffSampler | None = None
@@ -777,6 +802,7 @@ class Sampler:
     parent_based: ParentBasedSampler | None = None
     probability_development: ExperimentalProbabilitySampler | None = None
     trace_id_ratio_based: TraceIdRatioBasedSampler | None = None
+    additional_properties: ClassVar[dict[str, Any]]
 
 
 @dataclass
diff --git a/opentelemetry-sdk/tests/_configuration/test_common.py b/opentelemetry-sdk/tests/_configuration/test_common.py
index 7bbfc284e9..e7ecb218ae 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-sdk/tests/_configuration/test_common.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-sdk/tests/_configuration/test_common.py
@@ -12,15 +12,27 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+import inspect
 import unittest
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from types import SimpleNamespace
+from typing import Any, ClassVar
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 
 from opentelemetry.sdk._configuration._common import (
+    _additional_properties,
     _parse_headers,
     load_entry_point,
 )
 from opentelemetry.sdk._configuration._exceptions import ConfigurationError
+from opentelemetry.sdk._configuration.models import (
+    ExperimentalResourceDetector,
+    LogRecordExporter,
+    PushMetricExporter,
+    Sampler,
+    SpanExporter,
+    TextMapPropagator,
+)
 
 
 class TestParseHeaders(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -137,3 +149,89 @@ def test_instantiation_error_not_wrapped(self):
             # ConfigurationError
             with self.assertRaises(TypeError, msg="bad init"):
                 cls()
+
+
+class TestAdditionalPropertiesSupport(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        @_additional_properties
+        @dataclass
+        class _SampleConfig:
+            known_field: dict | None = None
+            another_field: str | None = None
+            additional_properties: ClassVar[dict[str, Any]]
+
+        self.cls = _SampleConfig
+
+    def test_known_fields_work_normally(self):
+        obj = self.cls(known_field={}, another_field="val")
+        self.assertEqual(obj.known_field, {})
+        self.assertEqual(obj.another_field, "val")
+        self.assertEqual(obj.additional_properties, {})
+
+    def test_unknown_kwargs_captured_in_additional_properties(self):
+        # pylint: disable=unexpected-keyword-arg
+        obj = self.cls(my_plugin={"key": "val"})
+        self.assertIsNone(obj.known_field)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            obj.additional_properties, {"my_plugin": {"key": "val"}}
+        )
+
+    def test_mixed_known_and_unknown_kwargs(self):
+        # pylint: disable=unexpected-keyword-arg
+        obj = self.cls(known_field={}, my_plugin={})
+        self.assertEqual(obj.known_field, {})
+        self.assertEqual(obj.additional_properties, {"my_plugin": {}})
+
+    def test_no_args_creates_empty_additional_properties(self):
+        obj = self.cls()
+        self.assertIsNone(obj.known_field)
+        self.assertEqual(obj.additional_properties, {})
+
+    def test_signature_preserves_known_fields_and_adds_kwargs(self):
+        sig = inspect.signature(self.cls)
+        param_names = list(sig.parameters.keys())
+        self.assertIn("known_field", param_names)
+        self.assertIn("another_field", param_names)
+        # **kwargs signals that extras are accepted
+        kwargs_param = sig.parameters.get("kwargs")
+        self.assertIsNotNone(kwargs_param)
+        self.assertEqual(kwargs_param.kind, inspect.Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD)
+
+
+class TestGeneratedModelsHaveAdditionalProperties(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Guards against regressions in the custom datamodel-codegen template.
+
+    The codegen/dataclass.jinja2 template conditionally applies the
+    @_additional_properties decorator based on the
+    additionalPropertiesType template variable. If datamodel-codegen
+    changes how it passes this variable, these tests will fail.
+    """
+
+    def _assert_supports_additional_properties(self, model_cls):
+        # pylint: disable=unexpected-keyword-arg
+        obj = model_cls(_test_plugin_key={})
+        self.assertTrue(
+            hasattr(obj, "additional_properties"),
+            f"{model_cls.__name__} missing additional_properties attribute",
+        )
+        self.assertIn("_test_plugin_key", obj.additional_properties)
+
+    def test_sampler(self):
+        self._assert_supports_additional_properties(Sampler)
+
+    def test_span_exporter(self):
+        self._assert_supports_additional_properties(SpanExporter)
+
+    def test_text_map_propagator(self):
+        self._assert_supports_additional_properties(TextMapPropagator)
+
+    def test_resource_detector(self):
+        self._assert_supports_additional_properties(
+            ExperimentalResourceDetector
+        )
+
+    def test_log_record_exporter(self):
+        self._assert_supports_additional_properties(LogRecordExporter)
+
+    def test_push_metric_exporter(self):
+        self._assert_supports_additional_properties(PushMetricExporter)
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index b0d89f84ca..4e4257ceac 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -161,6 +161,8 @@ use-schema-description = true
 use-title-as-name = true
 use-union-operator = true
 target-python-version = "3.10"
+custom-template-dir = "opentelemetry-sdk/codegen"
+additional-imports = "typing.ClassVar,opentelemetry.sdk._configuration._common._additional_properties"
 
 [dependency-groups]
 dev = [