fix(Effect): add Refinement narrowing support for retry while option

[lihan3238]

Summary

Adds Refinement-based type narrowing for the while option in Effect.retry, symmetric with the existing until narrowing.

When while receives a Refinement<E, E2>, the output error type is now narrowed to Exclude<E, E2> — the errors that cause while to return false and pass through.

Closes #6122

Test plan

• Verify that type narrowing works correctly with while + Refinement
• Verify existing until narrowing is unchanged
• Verify behavior without Refinement is unchanged (still returns full E)

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 30e5b02

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 36 packages

Name	Type
effect	Patch
@effect/cli	Patch
@effect/cluster	Patch
@effect/experimental	Patch
@effect/opentelemetry	Patch
@effect/platform-browser	Patch
@effect/platform-bun	Patch
@effect/platform-node-shared	Patch
@effect/platform-node	Patch
@effect/platform	Patch
@effect/printer-ansi	Patch
@effect/printer	Patch
@effect/rpc	Patch
@effect/sql-clickhouse	Patch
@effect/sql-d1	Patch
@effect/sql-drizzle	Patch
@effect/sql-kysely	Patch
@effect/sql-libsql	Patch
@effect/sql-mssql	Patch
@effect/sql-mysql2	Patch
@effect/sql-pg	Patch
@effect/sql-sqlite-bun	Patch
@effect/sql-sqlite-do	Patch
@effect/sql-sqlite-node	Patch
@effect/sql-sqlite-react-native	Patch
@effect/sql-sqlite-wasm	Patch
@effect/sql	Patch
@effect/typeclass	Patch
@effect/vitest	Patch
@effect/workflow	Patch
@effect/ai	Patch
@effect/ai-amazon-bedrock	Patch
@effect/ai-anthropic	Patch
@effect/ai-google	Patch
@effect/ai-openai	Patch
@effect/ai-openrouter	Patch

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