feat: add Ash.Query.where/2 as non-macro alternative to filter/2

[nallwhy]

Contributor checklist

Leave anything that you believe does not apply unchecked.

• I accept the AI Policy, or AI was not used in the creation of this PR.
• Bug fixes include regression tests
• Chores
• Documentation changes
• Features include unit/acceptance tests
• Refactoring
• Update dependencies

Summary

• Add Ash.Query.where/2 as a non-macro alternative to Ash.Query.filter/2
• Delegates to the existing do_filter/3 function

Closes #1092

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Adds Ash.Query.where/2 as a function-based (non-macro) alternative to Ash.Query.filter/2, intended to support keyword/map filter syntax without requiring require Ash.Query.

Changes:

• Introduces Ash.Query.where/2 and delegates filtering to do_filter/3.
• Adds unit tests covering keyword and map syntax, filter combination, and no-op behavior for nil/[].

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 2 out of 2 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

File	Description
lib/ash/query/query.ex	Adds where/2 with docs/spec as a non-macro entrypoint to filtering.
test/filter/filter_test.exs	Adds tests for where/2 behavior (keyword/map, combining, nil/empty no-op).

---

💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.

[zachdaniel]

So the concept here isn't that we only support the data structure format, thats just how it works by default. However you can do import Ash.Expr at which point you can do Ash.Query.where(expr(...)). That gives us one single function to use that does both expressions and non-expressions 😄