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test runner: stop printing shared references without bound in assertion diffs and snapshots - #34179

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@robobun robobun commented Jul 14, 2026 •

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Fixes #34178

Problem

  • A failing expect().toEqual() on a small graph with shared references allocates until the machine dies (210 GB in the report). Reported stack: JestPrettyFormat.Formatter.printAs under DiffFormatter.format.
  • The formatter prints [Circular] only for a cycle, so a value that is reachable N ways is printed N times. let o = "leaf"; for (let i = 0; i < 34; i++) o = { a: o, b: o }; expect(o).toEqual(1) prints 2^34 leaves. toMatchSnapshot() has the same growth.

Fix

  • The formatter keeps a set of the Arrays, Objects, Maps, Sets and React elements it has entered, and counts the bytes it prints during a second or later visit. After FormatOptions::shared_reference_budget such a value prints as [Array], [Object], [Map] or [Set].
  • Diffs use 1 MiB per side, and a note: line after the diff explains the abbreviations. Snapshots use 64 MiB and then throw, because a stored snapshot cannot abbreviate.
  • Correct because each value is still printed in full once. The output is linear in the size of the value plus the budget. A value without shared references is never abbreviated.
  • Verified: test/js/bun/test/printing/diffexample.test.ts (7 new tests, stock bun fails 5). The 34-level repro takes 1.2 s on a debug ASAN build. Also expect.test.js, snapshot-tests.

Background

  • JestPrettyFormat is the bun test formatter for snapshots and for both sides of an assertion diff. DiffFormatter prints both sides to buffers, then diffs them.
  • JestPrettyFormat::format adapts each writer to FmtAdapter<AsFmt>, so the formatter cannot ask the writer how much it wrote. A CountingWriter shares a byte counter with the Formatter.
  • Earlier versions of this PR cut each side at 1 MB. That also cut long strings and large arrays, which test runner: replace diff-match-patch with a work-bounded Myers diff #39310 made exact on purpose.
Notes

Why not a cap on the whole output. The earlier versions of this PR cut each side at 1 MB and added a notice to both buffers. Two values that print more than 1 MB and differ only near the end then failed with - Expected - 0 / + Received + 0, no hunk and no explanation:

const big = i => Array.from({ length: 60000 }, (_, k) => "line " + k + " of some file content").join("\n") + "\n" + i;
expect(big("LAST-A")).toBe(big("LAST-B"));

main prints @@ -59996,6 +59996,6 @@ ... - LAST-B" + LAST-A" and - Expected - 1 / + Received + 1, and so does this branch now. test/js/bun/test/expect/huge-failure-message.test.ts (#38931) also expects failure messages above 1 GB to work. So the limit applies only to the part of the output that grows faster than the value: repeated visits.

What changes for users.

  • A value without shared references: nothing. There is no limit on its output.
  • A value with shared references whose repeated visits print less than 1 MiB (diff) or 64 MiB (snapshot): nothing. The output is identical to main (checked with Objects, Arrays, a Map and a Set that share one object).
  • Above that: repeated values print as [Object] and the failure message ends with note: [Array], [Object], [Map] and [Set] stand for values that are printed in full earlier in the same output. The output for repeated values is limited to 1 MiB. A snapshot throws Snapshot value is too large to serialize: the objects that it references more than once print more than 64 MiB. Snapshot a smaller part of the value.
  • The budget values (1 MiB, 64 MiB) and both texts are a maintainer call.

A difference can still hide behind an abbreviation. If two values differ only in which already-printed object a position holds, and that position comes after the budget is spent, both sides print [Object] there. The note is printed in that case. Each object's own content is always compared, because each object is printed in full once.

Measurements (debug ASAN build).

case leaf visits stderr time
16 levels, received / expected / expect.objectContaining 830 1.06 MB 0.7 s
34 levels, received / expected / expect.objectContaining 720 1.06 MB 0.7 s
issue repro (34 levels, { leaf: 1 }) n/a 1.08 MB 1.2 s
snapshot, 80 references to an object with a 1 MiB string n/a error 0.5 s
snapshot, 8 references to the same object n/a 8.4 MB .snap, as on main 0.1 s

Stock 1.4.3-canary on 16 levels: 65,536 visits and 64 MB per side.

The tests. The fixture defines a $$typeof getter on the shared leaf. The formatter reads $$typeof once each time it reaches a value, so the getter counts how far the walk goes, and the count does not depend on the speed of the build. The failing assertions run in a child bun test, so an unfixed build cannot hang or exhaust the memory of the test runner. One in-process test guards the contract for values without shared references (a difference after the first 1 MiB is still reported).

Cost. One hash-set insert per Array, Object, Map, Set, React element or Event, and one more dyn Write hop per write. The set holds raw JSValues that are only compared, never dereferenced, like the existing ancestors map. A value that a getter creates can be collected during the walk, and a later value at the same address then counts as a repeated visit. This only matters after the budget is spent.

Stack depth. print_as gains one local. On the debug build the deepest object that toEqual can print went from 490 to 480 levels. test/js/bun/test/pretty-format-overflow.test.ts (500 levels) already overflows the stack on a debug build of main. #34884 covers that.

Other suites run on the debug build. expect.test.js 416 pass. snapshot-tests/snapshots/{snapshot,more,moremore}.test.ts: the one failure (error snapshots, ANSI colors without a TTY) is the same with stock bun. pretty-format-overridden-size.test.ts, expect-failure-message-angle-brackets.test.ts, expect/toHaveReturnedWith.test.ts pass.

Still without a limit. Inline matcher messages (toBeNull, toBeFalsy) use ConsoleObject::Formatter: #37311. Values that a getter or a Proxy trap creates on each read are new values each time, so they are not repeated visits. Native stack overflow on deep values: #34884. toMatchObject diffs: #39109.

History. The July version put is_truncated() on the bun_core Write trait and LimitedWriter in bun_io. After a merge of main that signal no longer reached the formatter (FmtAdapter<AsFmt>), so the walk did not stop. The second version moved the flag to the Formatter but kept the 1 MB cut. This version replaces the cut.


[human-review] gate passed · iteration 4 · 4 files touched

fails on main (without fix)
ASAN without fix: 5 FAILED
$ BUN_DEBUG_QUIET_LOGS=1 bun scripts/build.ts --profile=debug --quiet test "--reporter=junit" "--reporter-outfile=/tmp/pr_gate.xml" test/js/bun/test/printing/diffexample.test.ts
bun test v1.4.3 (6a92015fc)

test/js/bun/test/printing/diffexample.test.ts:
(pass) color [1301.57ms]
(pass) no color [2408.64ms]
(pass) large diffs are exact rather than abandoned part-way [915.90ms]
(pass) a difference after the first 1 MiB of a value without shared references is reported [105.12ms]
(pass) a plain Event prints its properties, not [Circular] [6.39ms]
1006 |       });
1007 |     `);
1008 |     expect(stderr.length).toBeLessThan(3 * 1024 * 1024);
1009 |     expect(stderr).toContain("expect(received).toEqual(expected)");
1010 |     // An abbreviated child of an element is a line of its own, with no comma.
1011 |     expect(stderr).toMatch(/^\+\s+\[Object\]$/m);
                          ^
error: expect(received).toMatch(expected)

Expected substring or pattern: /^\+\s+\[Object\]$/m
Received: "\ngraph.test.ts:\n 8 |         props: { children },\n 9 |       });\n10 |       let o: any = el(Buffer.alloc(8192, \"x\").toString());\n11 |       for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) o = el([o, o
... (truncated)

release without fix: all passed
bun test v1.4.3-canary.1 (5f1e67323)

test/js/bun/test/printing/diffexample.test.ts:
(pass) color [43.18ms]
(pass) no color [49.79ms]
(pass) large diffs are exact rather than abandoned part-way [28.87ms]
(pass) a difference after the first 1 MiB of a value without shared references is reported [8.02ms]
(pass) a plain Event prints its properties, not [Circular] [0.24ms]
(pass) a value that reaches the same objects many times > diff, received side: repeated values print as [Object] after 1 MiB [20.57ms]
(pass) a value that reaches the same objects many times > diff: repeated React elements print as [Object] after 1 MiB [20.65ms]
(pass) a value that reaches the same objects many times > diff, asymmetric matcher: repeated values print as [Object] after 1 MiB [21.53ms]
(pass) a value that reaches the same objects many times > diff, expected side: repeated values print as [Object] after 1 MiB [22.32ms]
(pass) a value that reaches the same objects many times > snapshot: a value that prints more than 64 MiB for repeated values is an error [188.22ms]

 10 pass
 0 fail
 3 snapshots, 45 expect() calls
Ran 10 tests across 1 file. [356.00ms]
__F:0:S:0
passes on PR (with fix)
ASAN with fix: all passed
$ BUN_DEBUG_QUIET_LOGS=1 bun scripts/build.ts --profile=debug --quiet test "--reporter=junit" "--reporter-outfile=/tmp/pr_gate.xml" test/js/bun/test/printing/diffexample.test.ts
bun test v1.4.3 (6a92015fc)

test/js/bun/test/printing/diffexample.test.ts:
(pass) color [1348.86ms]
(pass) no color [3069.88ms]
(pass) large diffs are exact rather than abandoned part-way [1553.49ms]
(pass) a difference after the first 1 MiB of a value without shared references is reported [170.03ms]
(pass) a plain Event prints its properties, not [Circular] [6.76ms]
(pass) a value that reaches the same objects many times > diff: repeated React elements print as [Object] after 1 MiB [650.51ms]
(pass) a value that reaches the same objects many times > diff, asymmetric matcher: repeated values print as [Object] after 1 MiB [794.36ms]
(pass) a value that reaches the same objects many times > diff, expected side: repeated values print as [Object] after 1 MiB [960.09ms]
(pass) a value that reaches the same objects many times > diff, received side: repeated values print as [Object] after 1 MiB [1121.26ms]
(pass) a value that reaches the same objects many times > snapshot: a value that prints more
... (truncated)

release with fix: all passed
$ bun scripts/build.ts --profile=release
[configured] bun-profile → bun (stripped) in 798ms (unchanged)
ninja: Entering directory `/workspace/bun/build/release'
[1/5] gen generated_host_exports.rs
generated_host_exports.rs: 122 exports (host=5, lazy=10, generic=107, rust=0); 243 extern-C blocks audited
[1/5] cargo bun_runtime → libbun_runtime.a
�[1m�[92m   Compiling�[0m bun_runtime v0.0.0 (/workspace/bun/src/runtime)
�[1m�[92m    Finished�[0m `release` profile [optimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 5m 53s
[2/5] link bun-profile
[4/5] strip bun
[4/5] bun-profile --revision
1.4.3-canary.1+ec1fc3e55
[build] done
bun test v1.4.3-canary.1 (ec1fc3e55)

test/js/bun/test/printing/diffexample.test.ts:
(pass) color [40.20ms]
(pass) no color [46.09ms]
(pass) large diffs are exact rather than abandoned part-way [28.42ms]
(pass) a difference after the first 1 MiB of a value without shared references is reported [9.44ms]
(pass) a plain Event prints its properties, not [Circular] [0.29ms]
(pass) a value that reaches the same objects many times > diff, received side: repeated values print as [Object] after 1 MiB [31.31ms]
(pass) a value that reaches the same objects many times > 
... (truncated)
diff hotspot
src/runtime/test_runner/diff_format.rs        |  21 +++-
 src/runtime/test_runner/mod.rs                |  10 +-
 src/runtime/test_runner/pretty_format.rs      | 136 +++++++++++++++++++++++--
 test/js/bun/test/printing/diffexample.test.ts | 141 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 4 files changed, 293 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

gate history · 6 passed · 0 rejected · iteration 4

evidence per changed file
file                                           reads  edits  tests
src/runtime/test_runner/diff_format.rs             2      5     14
src/runtime/test_runner/mod.rs                     1      0     14
src/runtime/test_runner/pretty_format.rs          15     14     15
test/js/bun/test/printing/diffexample.test.ts      3      6     14

root cause · written by the author bot

The test runner's pretty formatter expanded every occurrence of a shared or repeated container in full, so a value that referenced the same large object many times across an assertion diff or snapshot produced output that grew without bound and exhausted memory. The fix makes the formatter track the bytes spent on repeated containers against a budget and emit a short type-specific abbreviation once that budget is exhausted, reporting back whether abbreviation occurred. Assertion diffs apply a 1 MiB budget and append a note when output was abbreviated, while snapshot formatting applies a 64 …

A failing deep-equality matcher (toEqual, toStrictEqual, toMatchObject,
toHaveBeenCalledWith, ...) pretty-prints both sides of the diff with
JestPrettyFormat. Its visited map only detects true cycles: a value is
removed from the map when its subtree finishes printing, so an object
graph with shared references (a DAG) is re-expanded at every occurrence.
A 34-level graph sharing one child twice per level expands to up to 2^34
copies, allocating a few hundred MB/s until the machine dies.

Cap each side of the diff at 1 MB via a new bun_io::LimitedWriter that
forwards up to the limit, then discards and records truncation. The
formatter checks is_truncated() on entry to print_as and stops
traversing, so the exponential walk halts as soon as the cap is hit.
Truncated output ends with a visible notice.

Fixes #34178
@robobun

robobun commented Jul 14, 2026 •

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Updated 2:43 PM PT - Sep 12th, 2026

❌ @robobun, your commit ec1fc3e has some failures in Build #114837 (All Failures)


🧪   To try this PR locally:

bunx bun-pr 34179

That installs a local version of the PR into your bun-34179 executable, so you can run:

bun-34179 --bun

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Found 2 issues this PR may fix:

  1. falsy test matchers (such as toBeFalsy) are very slow against HTML elements #25309 - toBeFalsy on large HTML elements is very slow because failing matchers invoke the diff/pretty-format path; the output cap and early truncation exit directly bound that work
  2. bun crashed with error "panic(main thread): integer overflow oh no: Bun has crashed." when do bun test with @testing-library/react using toMatchSnapshot #19534 - toMatchSnapshot with large React/DOM trees crashes with integer overflow, consistent with unbounded size arithmetic in the pretty-format path; the LimitedWriter cap prevents the buffer from reaching overflow territory

If this is helpful, copy the block below into the PR description to auto-close these issues on merge.

Fixes #25309
Fixes #19534

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

@robobun

robobun commented Jul 14, 2026

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Neither issue is fixed by this PR:

Leaving both open.

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coderabbitai Bot commented Jul 14, 2026 •

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Walkthrough

The formatter now tracks repeated container output against shared-reference budgets. Assertion diffs report abbreviations, while oversized snapshots return errors. Regression tests cover diff paths, asymmetric matchers, repeated objects, and snapshot limits.

Changes

Shared-reference formatting

Layer / File(s) Summary
Bounded pretty formatting
src/runtime/test_runner/pretty_format.rs
Pretty formatting tracks shared output bytes and repeated containers, emits type-specific abbreviations after budget exhaustion, and reports whether abbreviation occurred.
Diff and snapshot budget integration
src/runtime/test_runner/diff_format.rs, src/runtime/test_runner/mod.rs
Assertion diffs use a 1 MiB shared-reference budget and append an abbreviation note. Snapshot formatting uses a 64 MiB budget and returns an error for oversized values.
Shared-reference regression coverage
test/js/bun/test/printing/diffexample.test.ts
Tests cover large diff suffixes, repeated objects across assertion paths, abbreviation markers, output limits, and oversized snapshot errors.

Suggested reviewers: jarred-sumner

Priority: ⬆️ High

Merge Risk: 🟡 Moderate · up to 1c50d

Large repeated values can still create excessive diff or snapshot output, and ordinary Event diagnostics can lose their properties. Both regressions affect test output and should be fixed before merge.

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 4
✅ Passed checks (4 passed)
Check name Status Explanation
Linked Issues check ✅ Passed The PR meets the relevant coding objectives in [#34178]. The formatter tracks repeated visits to arrays, objects, maps, sets, JSX elements, and events. It abbreviates repeated expansion after a byte b…
Out of Scope Changes check ✅ Passed The changes remain within [#34178]. Rust changes implement bounded shared-reference formatting for assertion diffs and snapshots. TypeScript changes provide regression coverage for those paths. No unr…
Title check ✅ Passed The title clearly and specifically summarizes the main change: bounding shared-reference expansion in test-runner assertion diffs and snapshots.
Description check ✅ Passed The description explains the problem, implementation, scope, user impact, and verification results. It does not use the template headings exactly, but it provides the required information in equivalen…

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Actionable comments posted: 3

🤖 Prompt for all review comments with AI agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.

Inline comments:
In `@src/bun_core/util.rs`:
- Around line 1840-1845: Update the blanket Write implementations for &mut W and
Box<W> to delegate is_truncated() to their wrapped writer instead of inheriting
the false default. Preserve the false behavior for unbounded sinks while
ensuring boxed or borrowed LimitedWriter instances expose their actual
truncation state to Formatter::print_as.

In `@test/js/bun/test/expect-diff-output-cap.test.ts`:
- Around line 32-40: Update the Bun.spawn setup and Promise.all flow around proc
so the unused stdout pipe is drained concurrently with stderr and proc.exited,
or disable stdout piping since it is not asserted; preserve the existing stderr
collection and exit-code handling.
- Line 48: Remove the explicit 30000 timeout from the test invocation in
expect-diff-output-cap.test.ts so it uses the repository-level timeout policy.
Do not alter the test logic or add a replacement per-test timeout.
🪄 Autofix (Beta)

Fix all unresolved CodeRabbit comments on this PR:

  • Push a commit to this branch (recommended)
  • Create a new PR with the fixes

ℹ️ Review info
⚙️ Run configuration

Configuration used: Path: .coderabbit.yaml

Review profile: ASSERTIVE

Plan: Pro

Run ID: 5125b295-d351-4f37-b7a5-f432548983f6

📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between cc0c1e8 and 67e1718.

📒 Files selected for processing (6)
  • src/bun_core/util.rs
  • src/io/lib.rs
  • src/io/write.rs
  • src/runtime/test_runner/diff_format.rs
  • src/runtime/test_runner/pretty_format.rs
  • test/js/bun/test/expect-diff-output-cap.test.ts

Comment thread src/bun_core/util.rs Resolved

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Caution

Some comments are outside the diff and can’t be posted inline due to platform limitations.

⚠️ Outside diff range comments (1)
src/io/write.rs (1)

69-120: 📐 Maintainability & Code Quality | 🔵 Trivial | ⚡ Quick win

Add direct unit tests for LimitedWriter boundary conditions.

The only coverage for this new safety-critical writer is the end-to-end subprocess test (expect-diff-output-cap.test.ts), which is slow and only exercises it transitively through DiffFormatter. A few fast in-crate unit tests directly exercising write_all (exact-limit write, write split across the boundary in a single call, multiple sequential writes crossing the boundary, writes after truncation) would validate the remaining/truncated bookkeeping in isolation and guard against regressions in the boundary arithmetic.

🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.

In `@src/io/write.rs` around lines 69 - 120, Add direct in-crate unit tests for
LimitedWriter covering exact-limit writes, a single write split at the cap,
sequential writes that cross the boundary, and writes after truncation. Assert
output bytes plus remaining and truncated state after each scenario, using a
simple in-memory Write implementation and keeping the tests focused on
LimitedWriter::write_all bookkeeping.
🤖 Prompt for all review comments with AI agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.

Outside diff comments:
In `@src/io/write.rs`:
- Around line 69-120: Add direct in-crate unit tests for LimitedWriter covering
exact-limit writes, a single write split at the cap, sequential writes that
cross the boundary, and writes after truncation. Assert output bytes plus
remaining and truncated state after each scenario, using a simple in-memory
Write implementation and keeping the tests focused on LimitedWriter::write_all
bookkeeping.

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Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between 67e1718 and abf4555.

📒 Files selected for processing (2)
  • src/io/write.rs
  • test/js/bun/test/expect-diff-output-cap.test.ts

…y test

- Forward is_truncated() in the &mut W and Box<W> blanket Write impls so
  wrapped LimitedWriter instances report their truncation state
- stdout: ignore instead of an undrained pipe in the new test
- Drop the explicit per-test timeout (CI sets its own)
Comment thread src/bun_core/util.rs Resolved
@robobun

robobun commented Jul 14, 2026

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Re the suggestion to add in-crate unit tests for LimitedWriter: skipping that one. No CI lane runs cargo test for these crates (the only cargo test invocation in the repo is a bench script for bun_parsers), so in-crate tests would never execute. The boundary behavior (write at the cap, write split across the cap, writes after truncation) is exercised end to end by expect-diff-output-cap.test.ts, which asserts the truncation notice lands exactly once and the output stays bounded.

The three inline comments are addressed in e1acaae: is_truncated() now forwards through the &mut W and Box<W> blanket impls, the test uses stdout: "ignore", and the explicit per-test timeout is gone.

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The three items from my earlier pass are all resolved in e1acaae — is_truncated() now forwards through both blanket Write impls, the test uses stdout: "ignore", and the explicit timeout is gone. I didn't find anything further, but I'm leaving this for a human since it adds a defaulted method to the core Write trait and picks a user-visible 1 MB output-cap policy.

Checked: LimitedWriter::write_all boundary math (exact-fit and split-across-cap both correct); default splat_byte_all routes through write_all so the cap isn't bypassed; print_as early-exit now actually reachable via the forwarded is_truncated(); diff_format.rs reads .truncated as a struct field so the notice lands regardless of trait dispatch.

Extended reasoning...

Overview

This PR bounds the memory used when bun test renders a failing-assertion diff. It adds a LimitedWriter adapter and an is_truncated() default method to the in-tree bun_core::io::Write trait, wraps both sides of DiffFormatter's pretty-print calls in a 1 MB cap, and adds an early return in Formatter::print_as so the recursive object-graph walk halts once the writer reports truncation. A new spawned-subprocess test asserts stderr stays bounded and the truncation notice appears.

I reviewed an earlier revision and flagged that the blanket impl Write for &mut W / Box<W> didn't forward is_truncated() (so the traversal early-exit never fired), plus two test nits. Commit e1acaae addresses all three; the current diff shows the forwarding overrides in both blanket impls, stdout: "ignore" in the spawn options, and no per-test timeout.

Security risks

None. This only affects how large the failure-message buffer for a failing assertion can grow. No parsing of untrusted input, no auth/crypto/permissions surface.

Level of scrutiny

Moderate. The runtime change is small and defensive (it strictly reduces work/allocation on a failure path), but it does two things a maintainer should sign off on: (1) extends the foundational Write trait with a new defaulted method, and (2) picks a hard 1 MB per-side policy for assertion diff output — a user-visible behavior change. The PR description also documents an intentional exclusion (snapshot serialization stays uncapped) that's a design call.

Other factors

  • Verified the trait's provided splat_byte_all helper routes through write_all, so LimitedWriter doesn't need to override it for the cap to hold.
  • LimitedWriter::write_all handles the exact-fit (buf.len() == remaining) and split-across-cap cases correctly; writes after truncation are no-ops.
  • The self.failed = true set in print_as on truncation reuses the existing short-circuit flag the formatter already checks on every entry, so no new state machinery.
  • All prior reviewer comments (mine and CodeRabbit's, which overlapped) are resolved and the bug-hunting pass on the current revision found nothing.

Deferring rather than approving because this is a real behavioral/API change to a foundational trait, not a mechanical fix.

amf_print_as bridged the byte writer through AsFmt/FmtAdapter to reuse
the ConsoleFormatter dispatch, but core::fmt::Write cannot carry
truncation state, so is_truncated() read the trait default and the
traversal early-exit never fired inside expect.objectContaining() and
friends: a shared-reference graph payload kept memory bounded but spun
the CPU indefinitely.

Dispatch straight into format() with the &mut dyn Write instead (the
blanket impl forwards is_truncated), and extract the FormatTag -> Tag
mapping into Tag::from_format_tag so both call sites share it. A
34-level DAG inside objectContaining now completes in ~1.6s instead of
hanging.
@robobun

robobun commented Jul 14, 2026

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Good catch on the asymmetric matcher bridge: confirmed that expect({}).toEqual(expect.objectContaining(dag)) kept memory bounded but spun the CPU, because amf_print_as routed through AsFmt/FmtAdapter and core::fmt::Write cannot carry truncation state.

Fixed in d349f66: amf_print_as now dispatches straight into format() with the &mut dyn Write (which forwards is_truncated()), and the FormatTag -> Tag mapping moved to Tag::from_format_tag so the ConsoleFormatter bridge and this path share it. A 34-level DAG inside objectContaining went from hanging (>30s, killed) to completing in ~1.6s with the truncation notice. Added an objectContaining case to the test matrix.

@robobun

robobun commented Jul 15, 2026

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CI status: the only consistently red test is test/js/node/test/parallel/test-net-connect-memleak.js (alpine), which also fails on main and is being fixed separately; the remaining failures are single-retry flakes on lanes unrelated to this change (next-pages dev server on Windows 2019, install-registry on Windows aarch64, solc timeout, proxy-stress). The new expect-diff-output-cap tests pass on all lanes.

…ertion-diff-output

# Conflicts:
#	src/io/lib.rs
#	src/runtime/test_runner/diff_format.rs
…he writer

On current main `JestPrettyFormat::format` adapts every writer to
`FmtAdapter<AsFmt>` before the formatter sees it, so that the formatter
tree has one instantiation. `core::fmt::Write` cannot carry
`is_truncated()`, so after the merge the cap still bounded the output
but the walk over the value did not stop. A 34-level graph of shared
references used bounded memory and 100% CPU with no end.

- The capped writer now lives in pretty_format.rs and shares a
  `Cell<bool>` with the `Formatter`. `print_as` reads that flag, so each
  entry point of the formatter stops, whatever writer type it holds.
- `JestPrettyFormat::format_capped` installs the writer and returns
  whether the output was cut. `DiffFormatter::new` calls it for each side.
- `Write::is_truncated`, `bun_io::LimitedWriter` and
  `Tag::from_format_tag` are removed. bun_core and bun_io are unchanged
  against main.
- The writer cuts on a UTF-8 boundary.
- The test counts how many times the formatter reaches the leaf
  (a `$$typeof` getter). The count does not depend on the speed of the
  build: about 830 with the fix, 65,536 when the walk does not stop.
Comment thread src/runtime/test_runner/diff_format.rs Resolved

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LGTM — the redesign to a shared Cell<bool> on the Formatter cleanly resolves the layering concern from my last review, and the new visits < 5_000 assertion plus the asymmetric-matcher case prove the walk itself stops on every entry path.

What was reviewed:

  • CappedWriter::write_all boundary math: take = remaining < buf.len() so buf[take] is in bounds; remaining == 0 writes nothing and sets the flag.
  • Truncation signal now bypasses the AsFmt/FmtAdapter writer chain entirely (checked at print_as on self), so the asymmetric-matcher re-entry is covered — and the test's visit counter enforces it.
  • Earlier bun_io::LimitedWriter / is_truncated() trait additions are gone from the diff, so no dead code left behind; test now drains stdout+stderr concurrently and drops the explicit timeout.
Extended reasoning...

Overview

This PR caps each side of a Jest-style assertion diff at 1 MB to fix issue #34178, where a DAG of shared references was re-expanded at every occurrence (the visited map only detects true cycles) and allocated until OOM. Since my last review the implementation was redesigned: instead of a new is_truncated() default method on the bun_io::Write trait (which had to be forwarded through every blanket impl and couldn't cross the core::fmt::Write boundary used by AsFmt/FmtAdapter), the truncation signal is now a Cell<bool> shared between the CappedWriter sink and the Formatter itself. Formatter::print_as checks self.output_truncated directly at each recursive entry, so the early-exit fires regardless of how many writer adapters sit between the formatter and the capped sink. The earlier changes to src/bun_core/util.rs and src/io/write.rs are gone from the diff — the new approach is self-contained in pretty_format.rs and diff_format.rs.

Security risks

None. This is failure-message formatting inside the test runner; the only untrusted input is the value being printed, and the change strictly reduces the work done on it. The UTF-8 boundary back-off indexes buf[take] with take = remaining < buf.len(), so it's always in bounds, and the loop is bounded by take > 0.

Level of scrutiny

Moderate. This is my third pass on the PR; each earlier concern (blanket-impl forwarding, undrained stdout pipe, explicit timeout, asymmetric-matcher bypass) has a corresponding change in the current diff. The asymmetric-matcher path — the structural weakness of the previous design — is now both fixed by construction (the Cell lives on self, not behind the writer chain) and covered by a dedicated test case whose visits < 5_000 assertion would fail (65,536 visits) if the walk merely discarded output without stopping. The test also uses Buffer.alloc, describe.concurrent, drains both pipes in Promise.all, and asserts output before exitCode, matching the harness conventions.

Other factors

No CODEOWNERS entry covers these paths. No outstanding third-party CHANGES_REQUESTED reviews; the coderabbit threads were resolved by a non-author. Exit reason was dry_streak. The PR description still describes the earlier LimitedWriter/trait-method design rather than the current Cell-based one, but that's cosmetic — the code that merges is the current diff.

Comment thread src/runtime/test_runner/diff_format.rs Resolved

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Actionable comments posted: 1

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Inline comments:
In `@test/js/bun/test/expect-diff-output-cap.test.ts`:
- Line 39: Replace the parameterized test declaration with describe.each() for
the table in the expect-diff output-cap test, and keep the existing subprocess
test nested inside the generated describe blocks with its current cases and
assertions unchanged.

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LGTM — the Cell<bool> on Formatter cleanly replaces the earlier is_truncated() trait-method approach and addresses the asymmetric-matcher bypass I flagged: self.output_truncated survives the AsFmt/FmtAdapter re-wrap because it lives on the formatter, not the writer.

What was reviewed:

  • CappedWriter::write_all — buf[take] is in bounds (buf.len() > remaining is established before indexing); mem::take zeroes remaining so subsequent writes discard.
  • Asymmetric-matcher path: amf_print_as re-enters ConsoleFormatter::print_as on the same self, so the output_truncated check at the top of print_as still fires; the new expect.objectContaining test case asserts visits < 5,000 to guard this.
  • Uncapped format passes None, so snapshot serialization is unaffected.
  • Test: pipes drained concurrently, no explicit timeout, Buffer.alloc over .repeat, three-variant matrix — all prior nits addressed.
Extended reasoning...

Overview

This PR caps the per-side output of the Jest-style assertion diff formatter at 1 MiB to fix #34178 (a shared-reference DAG could make a failing toEqual allocate hundreds of GB). It touches src/runtime/test_runner/pretty_format.rs (adds CappedWriter, format_capped, and an output_truncated: Option<&Cell<bool>> field on Formatter checked at the top of print_as), src/runtime/test_runner/diff_format.rs (routes both sides through format_capped and appends a truncation notice), and adds test/js/bun/test/expect-diff-output-cap.test.ts.

Since my last review the approach was redesigned: the earlier is_truncated() default trait method on bun_io::Write (which couldn't cross the AsFmt/FmtAdapter adapter chain used by asymmetric matchers) is gone; the truncation flag now lives as a shared Cell<bool> referenced directly by the Formatter, so it survives writer re-wrapping. All four of my prior comments are addressed — the blanket-impl forwarding issue is moot under the new design, the asymmetric-matcher bypass is fixed and covered by a dedicated test case, the explicit 30s timeout is removed, and stdout is now drained alongside stderr in Promise.all.

Security risks

None. This is diagnostic-output formatting inside the test runner; no auth, crypto, network, or filesystem-path handling. The change strictly reduces resource consumption on adversarial input (a DAG that previously OOM'd now produces bounded output and a bounded walk).

Level of scrutiny

Moderate. The subtle part is whether the walk actually stops (not just the output) across every recursion entry point — REVIEW.md's "never fix quadratic behavior by merely capping output" applies directly. I traced amf_print_as for Formatter<'a>: it calls <Self as ConsoleFormatter>::print_as(self, …), which re-enters self.format → self.print_as on the same Formatter instance, so self.output_truncated.is_some_and(Cell::get) at line 1117 fires and sets self.failed = true, reusing the existing early-exit flag every property-iteration loop already checks. The expect.objectContaining test case asserts visits < 5_000 (vs. 65,536 uncapped), which would fail if the walk continued. CappedWriter::write_all's UTF-8 boundary backoff indexes buf[take] only after establishing buf.len() > remaining, so it can't panic; after the first truncation remaining is zeroed via mem::take, so all later writes are no-ops.

Other factors

The uncapped JestPrettyFormat::format now passes None for output_truncated, so snapshot serialization and every other existing caller are unchanged. The test follows harness conventions end-to-end (describe.concurrent, tempDir, bunExe/bunEnv, concurrent pipe draining, stdout/stderr asserted before exit code, Buffer.alloc(n, fill) instead of .repeat, no per-test timeout) and covers the received/expected/asymmetric-matcher variant matrix. Exit reason was dry_streak and there are no outstanding CHANGES_REQUESTED reviews from other reviewers.

@robobun

robobun commented Sep 12, 2026

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Do not merge this yet. A review of the current diff found a regression against main, and I reproduced it.

With the 1 MB cap, two values that each print more than 1 MB and differ only near the end fail with an empty diff:

const big = i => Array.from({ length: 60000 }, (_, k) => "line " + k + " of some file content").join("\n") + "\n" + i;
expect(big("LAST-A")).toBe(big("LAST-B"));
  • main prints the exact hunk (@@ -59996,6 +59996,6 @@ ... - LAST-B" + LAST-A", - Expected - 1 / + Received + 1).
  • This branch prints expect(received).toBe(expected) and then - Expected - 0 / + Received + 0. Both sides are cut at the same prefix and both get the same notice, so the diff has no hunk and no explanation.

The cap also applies to values whose output is linear in their size (long strings, large arrays). That works against #39310, which made large diffs exact. The cap should only bound the output for objects that the walk reaches more than once, which is the cause of #34178. I am reworking the branch in that direction: no cut for values without shared references, a budget for repeated expansions, and the same guard for the snapshot serializer.

…alue

A flat 1 MB cap per diff side also cut values whose output is linear in
their size. Two values over 1 MB that differ only near the end failed
with `- Expected - 0 / + Received + 0` and no hunk. main prints the
exact hunk there (#39310 made large diffs exact).

The cause of #34178 is that a value that is reachable N ways is printed
N times. The formatter now keeps a set of the Arrays, Objects, Maps and
Sets that it has entered, and counts the bytes that it prints during a
second or later visit. After `FormatOptions::shared_reference_budget`
such a value prints as [Array], [Object], [Map] or [Set]. The output is
linear in the size of the value plus the budget. A value without shared
references is never abbreviated, and a value that spends less than the
budget prints as before.

- Assertion diffs: 1 MiB per side. A `note:` line after the diff
  explains the abbreviations.
- Snapshots: 64 MiB, then an error. A stored snapshot cannot abbreviate.
- `format_capped`, `CappedWriter` and the truncation notice are removed.
  A `CountingWriter` shares a byte counter with the formatter.
- The tests move to printing/diffexample.test.ts.
@robobun robobun changed the title test runner: cap assertion diff output to stop unbounded allocation test runner: stop printing shared references without bound in assertion diffs and snapshots Sep 12, 2026
@robobun

robobun commented Sep 12, 2026

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762e7ad replaces the 1 MB cut, so the hold above no longer applies. The late-difference case prints the exact hunk again, the same as main.

The limit now applies only to the part of the output that grows faster than the value. The formatter keeps a set of the Arrays, Objects, Maps and Sets that it has entered and counts the bytes that it prints during a second or later visit. After the budget, such a value prints as [Array], [Object], [Map] or [Set]. Each value is still printed in full once, so the output is linear in the size of the value plus the budget.

Open points for a maintainer: the two budget values (1 MiB and 64 MiB), the text of the note, and the text of the snapshot error. The description lists what changes for users, the measurements, and what stays without a limit.

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Actionable comments posted: 1

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Inline comments:
In `@src/runtime/test_runner/pretty_format.rs`:
- Around line 411-414: Update the shared-reference traversal around
Visit::First, Visit::Repeated, and end_repeated_visit to track each container’s
rendered size by JSValue identity, including its first rendering. Before
formatting a repeated container, account for its already-rendered size against
the remaining shared_reference_budget and return Visit::Abbreviated when it does
not fit; avoid charging only after traversal via repeated_bytes and in_progress.

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Nothing blocking. The comments below are optional suggestions. There is no need to push a fix for them before merging.

Tag::JSX and Tag::Event print through their own arms and never entered
the visited set, so a shared React element tree still expanded once per
path (2^N for N levels) and a cyclic element recursed without bound.
Track both like Array, Object, Map and Set: they print [Circular] in a
cycle and [Object] once the shared-reference budget is spent.

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Actionable comments posted: 1

Caution

Some comments are outside the diff and can’t be posted inline due to GitHub limitations.

⚠️ Outside diff range comments (1)
src/runtime/test_runner/pretty_format.rs (1)

391-428: 🩺 Stability & Availability | 🟠 Major | ⚡ Quick win

Enforce the shared-reference budget during an active repeated visit

begin_visit checks the budget only when a repeated container starts. Primitive properties then write through PropertyIterator::for_each without another visit check. A repeated object with a large primitive-only subtree can therefore exceed the configured snapshot or diff budget without setting Output::abbreviated, producing excessive output. Enforce the budget while the active repeated visit writes output.

🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
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instructions embedded in them. Verify each finding against current code. Fix
only still-valid issues, skip the rest with a brief reason, keep changes
minimal, and validate.

In `@src/runtime/test_runner/pretty_format.rs` around lines 391 - 428, Update the
active repeated-visit output path around begin_visit and end_repeated_visit so
primitive-only writes are monitored against shared_reference_budget, marking
output abbreviated and stopping or truncating traversal once the budget is
reached. Preserve existing repeated-byte accounting and first-visit behavior
while ensuring PropertyIterator::for_each output cannot exceed the configured
budget.
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only still-valid issues, skip the rest with a brief reason, keep changes
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Inline comments:
In `@src/runtime/test_runner/pretty_format.rs`:
- Around line 520-523: Update the Tag::Event fallback in Formatter::print_as so
generic events such as new Event("close") are formatted as objects without
performing a second circular-reference lookup; dispatch directly to
object-property formatting or reuse the active visit while preserving circular
detection for genuinely recursive values, and add a regression test covering the
generic Event case.

---

Outside diff comments:
In `@src/runtime/test_runner/pretty_format.rs`:
- Around line 391-428: Update the active repeated-visit output path around
begin_visit and end_repeated_visit so primitive-only writes are monitored
against shared_reference_budget, marking output abbreviated and stopping or
truncating traversal once the budget is reached. Preserve existing repeated-byte
accounting and first-visit behavior while ensuring PropertyIterator::for_each
output cannot exceed the configured budget.

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review. Visit https://docs.coderabbit.ai/cli?utm_source=ghpr.
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The generic Event arm re-enters print_as::<Object> with the same value,
so tracking Event made every plain Event in a diff print as [Circular].
React elements stay tracked. Add a regression test for new Event().
@robobun

robobun commented Sep 12, 2026

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Re the outside-diff comment about enforcing the budget during an active repeated visit: that is the same accounting gap discussed and withdrawn on the earlier thread. Within an open repeated visit, every nested container entry checks the running total, so the overshoot is bounded to the plain (non-container) output of that one visit: one linear render, never exponential. A strict per-write cap would abbreviate large values that repeat only once, which the PR body documents as the intended trade-off. Leaving as is.

The Event regression from 1c50d6c is fixed in 9fb3909 (see the resolved thread).

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This pull request has been reviewed before and this review found new issues. Where they share a root cause, one fix may close them together.

Findings marked 🟡 are optional suggestions and need no follow-up push.

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Code review found no issues

No high-confidence issues detected in this change.

@robobun

robobun commented Sep 12, 2026

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CI status on ec1fc3e (retrigger): every failure is a known-flaky test that passed on retry or when run alone, on lanes unrelated to this change (no-orphans, bun-install-registry, abort-signal-leak, watch mode, serve-http2-lifecycle, express, fetch-backpressure on Windows aarch64). The diff is green: the new shared-reference tests in test/js/bun/test/printing/diffexample.test.ts pass on all lanes. Ready for a maintainer.

@robobun

robobun commented Nov 2, 2026

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Closing: #44833 (merged) caps formatter output at 1 MB in Formatter::format, which bounds both the output and the walk for every tag, and it is verified on main against the shared-reference, asymmetric-matcher and React element shapes from #34178. This PR is superseded.

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Runaway native recursion in bun 1.3.14 allocates unboundedly until the machine dies (3 concurrent processes; the 2 walkable stacks are identical)

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