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console: guard throwing Event/AggregateError property reads in the native formatters - #35816

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@robobun robobun commented Jul 25, 2026 •

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Repro

// throws out of console.log / Bun.inspect on current main; Node prints all of these
class E extends Event { get type() { throw new Error("boom") } }
console.log(new E("t"));

class M extends MessageEvent { get data() { throw new Error("boom") } }
console.log(new M("message", { data: "p" }));

class R extends ErrorEvent { get error() { throw 0 } get message() { throw 0 } }
console.log(new R("error", { message: "m", error: new Error("i") }));

const a = new AggregateError([new Error("x")], "m");
Object.defineProperty(a, "errors", { get() { throw new Error("boom") } });
console.log(a);          // TypeError escapes

const b = new AggregateError([new Error("x")], "m");
delete b.errors;
console.log(b);          // segfault at 0x5

Cause

  • print_event in src/jsc/ConsoleObject.rs reads .type / .message / .data / .error via value.get(...)? / value.fast_get(...)? before deciding how to render. The ? propagates a thrown getter straight out of console.log / Bun.inspect. The near-identical Tag::Event arm in src/runtime/test_runner/pretty_format.rs (used by toMatchSnapshot / DiffFormatter) has the same four unguarded reads.
  • print_errorlike_object in src/jsc/VirtualMachine.rs reads AggregateError.errors via getDirect and unconditionally hands the result to for_each. getDirect on a deleted prop returns empty (crash in forEachInIterable), on a defineProperty accessor returns the GetterSetter cell (debug assert in synthesizePrototype, TypeError in release), and on a non-iterable object for_each throws; the let _ = discarded the JsResult but left the exception pending on the VM.

Fix

  • Match the Err(_) arm on the four Event reads in both formatters, call global_this.clear_exception(), and fall back to undefined / None. This mirrors the existing print_to_json pattern in ConsoleObject.rs. When .type throws, the formatter falls through to the generic object printer which renders type: [Getter].
  • Gate the AggregateError.errors iteration on is_object() (excludes empty / GetterSetter / primitives) and clear the exception if for_each still throws.

Verification

  • USE_SYSTEM_BUN=1 bun test test/js/bun/util/inspect.test.js -t "throwing getter|hostile" fails (2 tests)
  • bun bd test test/js/bun/util/inspect.test.js passes (76 tests)
  • BUN_JSC_validateExceptionChecks=1 clean

no test proof · iteration 3 · Platform-specific test(s) that do not run on this machine. Deferring to CI, which covers all platforms: test/js/bun/util/inspect.test.js

@robobun

robobun commented Jul 25, 2026 •

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Reproduced on current main: Bun.inspect(new (class extends Event { get type(){throw 0} })('t')) throws; toMatchSnapshot on the same value fails with "Failed to pretty format value"; and Bun.inspect on an AggregateError whose errors own slot was replaced with an accessor or deleted throws/asserts.

The guard is applied to the Event arm in both ConsoleObject.rs and test_runner/pretty_format.rs, plus the AggregateError errors iteration in VirtualMachine.rs. All three new tests in test/js/bun/util/inspect.test.js pass with the fix and fail without it. BUN_JSC_validateExceptionChecks=1 is clean.

Rebased onto current main (86e346a) as a single commit; the only conflict was the harness import line in the test file. Full inspect.test.js passes (77 tests) on the rebased branch.

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robobun commented Jul 25, 2026 •

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Updated 12:29 PM PT - Aug 16th, 2026

✅ @robobun, your commit 86e346a2113783c2c04a087ee1368dc58d16ecb0 passed in Build #99434! 🎉


🧪   To try this PR locally:

bunx bun-pr 35816

That installs a local version of the PR into your bun-35816 executable, so you can run:

bun-35816 --bun

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📒 Files selected for processing (4)
  • src/jsc/ConsoleObject.rs
  • src/jsc/VirtualMachine.rs
  • src/runtime/test_runner/pretty_format.rs
  • test/js/bun/util/inspect.test.js

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Walkthrough

Event and AggregateError inspection now suppresses property-access and iteration exceptions. Tests cover direct, nested, and snapshot inspection.

Changes

Inspection resilience

Layer / File(s) Summary
Safe event field access and regression coverage
src/jsc/ConsoleObject.rs, src/runtime/test_runner/pretty_format.rs, test/js/bun/util/inspect.test.js
Event formatting clears failures from type, message, data, and error access. Tests cover throwing accessors, nested values, and snapshot formatting.
Safe AggregateError extraction and regression coverage
src/jsc/VirtualMachine.rs, test/js/bun/util/inspect.test.js
AggregateError inspection processes object-valued errors and clears iteration exceptions. Tests cover throwing, non-iterable, and deleted errors properties.

Possibly related PRs

  • oven-sh/bun#36602: Both changes modify VirtualMachine.rs AggregateError errors handling and clear exceptions from failed access or iteration.
  • oven-sh/bun#38560: Both changes harden JavaScript error and event inspection against throwing properties and AggregateError failures.

Suggested reviewers: jarred-sumner, alii, dylan-conway

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 4
✅ Passed checks (4 passed)
Check name Status Explanation
Linked Issues check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Title check ✅ Passed The title clearly summarizes the main change: guarding Event and AggregateError property reads in native formatters.
Description check ✅ Passed The description explains the reproduction, cause, fix, and verification results, covering the required purpose and testing information.

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Actionable comments posted: 1

🤖 Prompt for all review comments with AI agents
Verify each finding against current code. Fix only still-valid issues, skip the
rest with a brief reason, keep changes minimal, and validate.

Inline comments:
In `@test/js/bun/util/inspect.test.js`:
- Around line 214-235: Strengthen the Bun.inspect assertions for ThrowType,
ThrowData, and ThrowError: require ThrowType output to contain `type: [Getter]`,
require ThrowData output to contain `data: undefined`, and assert ThrowError
output omits the throwing `message` and `error` fields while retaining `type:
"error"`. Use the existing inspect results in these test cases rather than only
checking that inspection does not throw.
🪄 Autofix (Beta)

Fix all unresolved CodeRabbit comments on this PR:

  • Push a commit to this branch (recommended)
  • Create a new PR with the fixes

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Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between 916492f and 006520c.

📒 Files selected for processing (2)
  • src/jsc/ConsoleObject.rs
  • test/js/bun/util/inspect.test.js

Comment thread test/js/bun/util/inspect.test.js Resolved
Comment thread src/jsc/ConsoleObject.rs Resolved
Comment thread test/js/bun/util/inspect.test.js Resolved

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LGTM — both prior concerns addressed (pretty_format.rs twin site guarded, test assertions strengthened to check the actual fallback rendering).

Extended reasoning...

Overview

Guards four Event property reads (.type, .message, .data, .error) in the native Bun.inspect/console.log formatter (src/jsc/ConsoleObject.rs::print_event) and its copy in JestPrettyFormat (src/runtime/test_runner/pretty_format.rs) so a subclass with a throwing getter no longer propagates out of inspection. Each read is converted from ? to a match that clears the pending exception on Err(_) and substitutes undefined/None. Two tests added to test/js/bun/util/inspect.test.js: one exercising Bun.inspect directly with strengthened rendering assertions, and one spawning a subprocess to exercise toMatchSnapshot on the same three cases.

Security risks

None. This is inspect/console output formatting; the change swallows a getter exception during best-effort stringification, matching the existing forEachProperty behavior in bindings.cpp and the print_to_json precedent at ConsoleObject.rs:4287.

Level of scrutiny

Low-to-medium. The transformation is mechanical — the same 6-line match { Ok(v) => ..., Err(_) => { clear_exception(); fallback } } applied eight times across two files, mirroring an existing pattern in the same file. The fallback values preserve prior Ok(None) semantics (UNDEFINED for .type/.data, None for .message/.error), so the only behavioral delta is on the throwing path. I verified the .type-throws case falls through to the generic print_as(Tag::Object, ...) arm via EventType::unknown, which is the pre-existing Ok(None) path.

Other factors

My previous review flagged (1) the unguarded twin in pretty_format.rs and (2) near-vacuous .toContain("type") assertions. Both were addressed in fb1009b and 1e88697: the four JestPrettyFormat reads are now guarded identically, tests assert type: [Getter], data: undefined, and absence of message:/error: fields, and a spawned-subprocess test covers toMatchSnapshot. The author explicitly scoped out the Tag::Error .message read and JSX .type reads as separate tag arms, which is a reasonable stated exclusion. The subprocess test uses --update-snapshots on the whole file (no -t filter), drains both pipes concurrently, and asserts 3 pass + exit 0. No bugs from the bug-hunting pass.

Comment thread src/jsc/VirtualMachine.rs Resolved
@robobun robobun changed the title console: guard throwing Event property getters in Bun.inspect console: guard throwing Event/AggregateError property reads in the native formatters Jul 25, 2026
Comment thread src/jsc/VirtualMachine.rs Resolved
Comment thread src/jsc/VirtualMachine.rs Resolved
@robobun

robobun commented Jul 25, 2026

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Same fix was also prepared on claude/farm/7c2f8502/console-accessor-guards (commit 8317ac1) with the four reads routed through a get_swallowing_throw / fast_get_swallowing_throw helper pair on Formatter instead of inline match blocks, in case that shape is preferred. That branch has been rescoped to the Map/Set entry-count cap only (#35826), so this PR owns the accessor guards.

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LGTM — all three review threads from earlier runs are addressed (pretty_format.rs guarded, test assertions strengthened to exact .toBe/[Getter], VirtualMachine.rs comment trimmed to one line).

What was reviewed:

  • The four Err(_) => clear_exception() guards in each of ConsoleObject.rs and pretty_format.rs match the existing pattern at ConsoleObject.rs:4287; fallback values (UNDEFINED/None) preserve the pre-PR rendering for the non-throwing case.
  • is_object() on the getDirect result: verified JSType::GetterSetter = 5 is below ObjectType in JSType.rs, so the guard rejects empty, GetterSetter, and primitives as claimed.
  • Tests cover subclass getters, own-instance defineProperty accessors, nested values, all three AggregateError shapes (accessor/non-iterable/deleted), and the toMatchSnapshot path via a spawned subprocess; evidence in the PR body shows they fail on main and pass with the fix.
Extended reasoning...

Overview

Guards eight Event property reads (.type/.message/.data/.error) across the two near-identical formatter arms in src/jsc/ConsoleObject.rs::print_event and src/runtime/test_runner/pretty_format.rs (Tag::Event), converting ? propagation into match { Err(_) => { clear_exception(); fallback } }. Also gates the AggregateError.errors iteration in VirtualMachine.rs::print_errorlike_object on is_object() and clears any exception for_each throws. Three new tests in test/js/bun/util/inspect.test.js.

Prior feedback resolution

I raised three items in earlier passes; all are addressed and the threads resolved:

  • 🔴 pretty_format.rs twin site unguarded → fixed in 1e88697, with a spawned-subprocess toMatchSnapshot test.
  • 🟡 vacuous .toContain("type") → replaced with type: [Getter], exact .toBe(...) on the full MessageEvent/ErrorEvent output, and .not.toContain(<thrown message>).
  • 🟡 comment-cop / narration in the VirtualMachine.rs comment → trimmed to a single line stating only the non-obvious getDirect return shapes.

Security risks

None. This is defensive exception handling inside inspection/formatting code; no input parsing, auth, or resource acquisition is touched. The change strictly narrows the set of inputs on which the formatter throws or crashes.

Level of scrutiny

Medium — native Rust touching JSC exception state. I verified the two non-obvious claims: (1) clear_exception() after a user-getter throw is the established idiom in this file (pre-existing at ConsoleObject.rs:4287, the toJSON call site), so REVIEW.md's "never clearException()" — which targets hiding real bugs behind a blanket clear — doesn't apply to a formatter deliberately swallowing hostile-getter throws; and (2) JSType::GetterSetter is 5 in src/jsc/JSType.rs while is_object() tests >= ObjectType, so the single is_object() guard correctly excludes empty, GetterSetter, and primitive returns from getDirect.

Other factors

The transformation is mechanical and localized: each x? becomes an explicit match whose Ok arms preserve the exact pre-PR value flow, so non-throwing inputs render identically. The PR body's evidence block shows the new tests failing on both debug-ASAN and release main and passing with the fix, and BUN_JSC_validateExceptionChecks=1 is reported clean. Test coverage is thorough — subclass vs. own-accessor, nested containers, all three errors shapes, and the snapshot-formatter path. Bug-hunting system found nothing.

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LGTM — both earlier rounds of feedback (the twin pretty_format.rs Event arm and the test-assertion / comment-length nits) have been addressed, and this run found nothing further.

What was reviewed:

  • The four Event property reads now match on Err(_) → clear_exception() + fallback in both ConsoleObject.rs and pretty_format.rs; pattern matches the existing print_to_json guard at ConsoleObject.rs:4287.
  • VirtualMachine.rs errors iteration is gated on is_object() (rejects empty/GetterSetter) and clears the exception if for_each throws — verified get_errors_property is nothrow getDirect.
  • Tests now assert exact rendered output (toBe on the MessageEvent/ErrorEvent cases, type: [Getter] on the fallback), cover accessor/non-iterable/deleted errors, and exercise toMatchSnapshot in a subprocess without a name filter.
Extended reasoning...

Overview

Guards five hostile-input paths in the native inspect/format code so a throwing user getter (or a tampered AggregateError.errors slot) no longer escapes console.log / Bun.inspect / toMatchSnapshot. Four value.get(...)? / fast_get(...)? reads in the Tag::Event arm of both src/jsc/ConsoleObject.rs and src/runtime/test_runner/pretty_format.rs become explicit match blocks that call global_this.clear_exception() on Err and fall back to undefined/None. The AggregateError.errors iteration in src/jsc/VirtualMachine.rs::print_errorlike_object is gated on is_object() and clears the exception if for_each throws. Three new tests in test/js/bun/util/inspect.test.js cover Bun.inspect, nested-object inspect, the AggregateError variants (accessor / non-iterable / deleted), and a spawned toMatchSnapshot run.

Security risks

None. This is display-layer formatting; the change swallows exceptions from user getters during best-effort inspection, which is the established contract for console.log (Node prints these values without throwing, and the existing generic-object printer already renders throwing getters as [Getter]). No auth, crypto, permission, or trust-boundary code is touched. The clear_exception() calls are scoped to the specific failed read and mirror the pre-existing pattern at ConsoleObject.rs:4287.

Level of scrutiny

Medium — native Rust/JSC code with exception-state handling, but the change is a narrow, mechanical defensive pattern applied identically at six sites. The PR was already reviewed twice by me: the first pass caught the missing sibling in pretty_format.rs (fixed in 1e88697) and the vacuous .toContain("type") assertion (fixed in fb1009b); the second pass flagged the over-long VirtualMachine.rs comment (trimmed to one line in e015b8a). All inline threads on the timeline are resolved. The PR evidence block shows the new tests fail on system Bun / release-without-fix and pass on the debug+ASAN build, and BUN_JSC_validateExceptionChecks=1 is clean.

Other factors

  • The Err(_) => clear_exception() shape is copied from an existing use in the same file (print_to_json), so it is not novel.
  • The subprocess snapshot test uses --update-snapshots without a -t filter, satisfying REVIEW.md's snapshot-update rule.
  • The author explicitly scoped out the Tag::Error .message read and JSX .type reads as separate tag arms (different bug class), which is a reasonable exclusion stated on the PR.
  • No CODEOWNERS on these paths; comment-cop is quiet after the trim.

@robobun

robobun commented Aug 13, 2026

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Heads up: the VirtualMachine.rs hunk in this PR (the is_object() / clear_exception() guard around the AggregateError for_each) touches a block that #36602 removes entirely, so this will conflict once that lands. The Event/MessageEvent/ErrorEvent parts in ConsoleObject.rs and pretty_format.rs are independent; after #36602 this PR can drop the VirtualMachine.rs hunk and its AggregateError test cases, which are covered in test/js/bun/util/inspect-error.test.js there.

…tive formatters

The native Event formatter in ConsoleObject reads .type through the
user-visible accessor before deciding whether to render a MessageEvent /
ErrorEvent specially or fall through to the generic object printer. If an
Event subclass overrides type with a getter that throws, the exception
propagates out of console.log and Bun.inspect. The same arm reads
message/data/error unguarded on the MessageEvent/ErrorEvent path.

The snapshot/diff pretty-format in test_runner/pretty_format.rs has a
near-identical Tag::Event arm with the same four unguarded reads, so
toMatchSnapshot on such a value fails with 'Failed to pretty format value'.

print_errorlike_object's AggregateError.errors read is getDirect, which
returns empty when the own prop was deleted or a GetterSetter cell when it
was redefined as an accessor; for_each on either asserts or throws.

Match on Err at each read, clear the exception, and fall back to undefined,
the same treatment forEachProperty already gives every other property. Gate
the errors iteration on is_object() and clear any for_each exception.
@robobun
robobun force-pushed the farm/dc03da31/event-type-getter-guard branch from 939f384 to 86e346a Compare August 16, 2026 18:50
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GitHub couldn't provide a complete incremental comparison for this pull request, so CodeRabbit is performing a full review instead. This review may take a little longer.

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LGTM — the earlier feedback (sibling pretty_format.rs arm, vacuous .toContain("type"), and the over-long getDirect comment) has all been addressed, and this run's bug sweep found nothing new.

What was reviewed:

  • The four Err(_) => clear_exception() guards match the existing pattern at ConsoleObject.rs:4228 and are mirrored identically in pretty_format.rs.
  • Confirmed is_object() rejects both empty (!is_cell()) and GetterSetter (JSType 5 < ObjectType 33), so the AggregateError guard covers the deleted-prop and accessor-slot cases the tests exercise.
  • Tests now assert exact output (.toBe(...), type: [Getter], data: undefined) and cover the toMatchSnapshot path in a subprocess.

Note the earlier heads-up that #36602 removes the VirtualMachine.rs block this touches — whichever lands second will need a trivial rebase.

Extended reasoning...

Overview

This PR guards four property reads (.type, .message, .data, .error) in the Event formatting arm of both native formatters (src/jsc/ConsoleObject.rs::print_event and src/runtime/test_runner/pretty_format.rs's Tag::Event arm) so a subclass with a throwing getter no longer propagates the exception out of Bun.inspect / console.log / toMatchSnapshot. It also gates the AggregateError.errors iteration in VirtualMachine.rs::print_errorlike_object on is_object() and clears the exception if for_each throws — the previous code passed a raw getDirect result (which can be empty or a GetterSetter cell) straight to for_each, causing a segfault or a leaked pending exception.

Security risks

None. This is output formatting for the console/inspect path; the change swallows user-thrown exceptions during rendering rather than introducing any new user-controlled input handling. No auth, crypto, filesystem, or network surface is touched.

Level of scrutiny

Moderate. The change is mechanical (? → match { Err(_) => clear_exception(); fallback }) at eight sites plus one guard, and follows an existing pattern already present at ConsoleObject.rs:4226-4228. I verified the load-bearing claim that is_object() rejects a GetterSetter cell: JSValue::is_object = is_cell() && js_type() >= ObjectType(33), and GetterSetter is JSType(5). Empty JSValue fails is_cell(). So the single guard covers deleted-prop, accessor-slot, and primitive cases, and the residual .is_err() { clear_exception() } handles a non-iterable object.

Other factors

This is my third pass on the PR. The two prior findings (unfixed sibling in pretty_format.rs; near-vacuous test assertions) were both addressed in follow-up commits, and the comment-cop / narration nit on VirtualMachine.rs was trimmed to a single non-obvious line. Every inline thread on the PR is resolved. The tests are strong: exact .toBe() snapshots for the MessageEvent/ErrorEvent fallback rendering, type: [Getter] for the generic-printer fallback, three distinct AggregateError.errors shapes (accessor, non-iterable, deleted), and a spawned-subprocess test for the toMatchSnapshot path. The PR description shows both fail-without / pass-with evidence and BUN_JSC_validateExceptionChecks=1 clean. The only open note is an informational heads-up about a merge conflict with #36602, which does not affect correctness of this diff.

dylan-conway pushed a commit that referenced this pull request Aug 20, 2026
…ty (#39633)

### Problem
- Printing an `AggregateError` with no own `errors` property kills the
process: `panic(main thread): Segmentation fault at address 0x5` in
`JSC::forEachInIterable` (Sentry BUN-40MQ, 92 events on the 1.4.0
canary, 62 in `bun test`).
- Cause: on main, `JSC__JSValue__getErrorsProperty`
(`src/jsc/bindings/bindings.cpp:4860`) returns `getDirect()` as is,
which is the empty value for a missing property.
`print_errorlike_object` (`src/jsc/VirtualMachine.rs:5221`) passes it to
`for_each`, which reads it as a cell at address 0.
- JSC creates such errors itself: `bun test` crashed when a second file
imported a module with two or more build errors (#36963).

### Fix
- The binding and `get_errors_property` are deleted. The printer reads
`errors` with `fast_get` and a new `BuiltinName::errors`.
- When it printed no member (`errors` missing, empty, or not iterable)
it falls through and prints the `AggregateError` like any other error.
The normal output, members only, is unchanged.
- An exception from the read or the walk is cleared, as the normal path
below already does. Before, it stayed pending and `console.error` threw
for a non-iterable `errors`.
- Verified: `test/js/bun/util/inspect-error.test.js`, 17 new tests, 16
fail on bun 1.4.0. Also the build error, inspect, plugin, ipc, cluster
and source lint tests.

### Background
- `print_errorlike_object` is the native error printer behind uncaught
errors, unhandled rejections, `console.error` and `Bun.inspect`. For an
`AggregateError` it prints the members and returns.
- `getDirect` reads an own property slot with no getters. A missing slot
gives the empty `JSValue`, which passes JSC's `isCell()`. An accessor
slot gives a `GetterSetter` cell.
- `fast_get` is an ordinary `[[Get]]` keyed by a preallocated identifier
(`BuiltinNamesMap` in `bindings.cpp`, same order as `BuiltinName` in
`src/jsc/lib.rs`). Missing gives `None`, a throwing getter gives `Err`.
- `JSModuleLoader::duplicateError` (`JSModuleLoader.cpp:116`) settles
every later load of a module that failed to load with a copy of the
stored error, rebuilt from its type and message only.

<details><summary>Notes</summary>

Repro on bun 1.4.0, user code:

```js
const e = new AggregateError([new Error("a")], "agg");
delete e.errors;
console.error(e); // segfault at 0x5. Same for Bun.inspect(e) and throw e.
```

Repro without user code (#36963): `lib.ts` with a syntax error that
produces two or more messages, two test files that import it, `bun
test`. The second file crashed. It now reports `AggregateError: 4 errors
building ".../lib.ts"`. A single build error produces a `BuildMessage`,
not an `AggregateError`, and is not affected. Loading the broken module
twice with `import()` in one file and printing the second rejection
crashes the same way. That is one of the new tests, next to the `bun
test` case.

Shapes covered by the tests, each through `console.error` and as an
uncaught error: `errors` deleted, `[]`, `{}`, `null`, a number, a getter
that throws. Before the fix, the deleted shape crashed (exit 139), `[]`
printed nothing (same for `Promise.any([])`), `{}`, `null` and the
number made `console.error` throw a `TypeError`, and an accessor (its
`GetterSetter` cell was passed to the walk) threw a `TypeError` in
release builds and failed `ASSERT(isSymbol())` in
`JSValue::synthesizePrototype` in debug builds. All of these now print
`AggregateError: <message>` with the source preview and stack. A
separate test defines `errors` as an accessor that returns an array:
since the read is an ordinary `[[Get]]` now, the getter runs and its
members are printed, with no header.

`fast_get` and `for_each` return `Err` with the exception still pending.
Both sites call `clear_exception()`, the same call
`print_error_from_maybe_private_data` makes when printing an error
throws. The removed `let _ = errors.for_each(...)` lowers the count for
`VirtualMachine.rs` in
`test/internal/source-lints/jsresult-swallow.inventory.json` by one.

`BuiltinName::errors` is inserted before the two private names in both
enums, so `internal` and `sharedFd` move by one on both sides. The tests
that go through them still pass: `test/js/bun/udp/dgram.test.ts`,
`test/js/bun/spawn/spawn.ipc.test.ts`, `bun-ipc-inherit.test.ts`, and
the node `test-cluster-basic`, `test-cluster-dgram-1`, `-2` and `-reuse`
tests.

Review history: the first revision kept the binding and returned
`undefined` unless the slot held an object, the second dropped its null
check and a termination special case, and the third (current) replaced
it with `fast_get` as asked in review.

Overlapping open PRs, each broader than this one: #36602 reworks the
whole AggregateError output and guards this walk. #35816 guards the
console formatters and adds an `is_object` check here, but still prints
nothing for an `errors`-less AggregateError. #39204 (blocked on a WebKit
bump) makes the loader replay the original error with `errors` intact,
and #39292 prints replayed build errors again. This PR only makes the
printer safe for whatever object it gets, and keeps the normal output
unchanged, so it does not change what those PRs do.

Also run: `test/js/bun/resolve/build-error.test.ts`,
`test/js/bun/util/reportError.test.ts`,
`test/js/bun/util/inspect.test.js`,
`test/js/bun/plugin/plugins.test.ts`,
`test/js/bun/transpiler/transpiler-error-gc-uaf.test.ts`,
`test/regression/issue/hashbang-still-works.test.ts` (130 pass),
`rustfmt --check`, `cargo clippy -p bun_jsc`, `clang-format` on
`bindings.cpp`, and the repros under
`BUN_JSC_validateExceptionChecks=1`. The new tests spawn one process per
case because the unfixed binary dies. The file takes about 4 s under the
debug build.

</details>

Fixes #36963

<!-- robobun:evidence:begin -->

---

**[review]** gate passed · iteration 0 · 5 files touched

<details><summary>fails on main (without fix)</summary>

```console
ASAN without fix: 14 FAILED
$ BUN_DEBUG_QUIET_LOGS=1 bun scripts/build.ts --profile=debug --quiet test "--reporter=junit" "--reporter-outfile=/tmp/mechgate.xml" test/js/bun/util/inspect-error.test.js
bun test v1.4.0 (4c68990)

test/js/bun/util/inspect-error.test.js:
(pass) error.cause [6.93ms]
(pass) Error [3.37ms]
(pass) BuildMessage [11.73ms]
(pass) Error inside minified file (no color)  [80.80ms]
(pass) Error inside minified file (color)  [46.97ms]
(pass) Inserted originalLine and originalColumn do not appear in node:util.inspect [123.41ms]
(pass) observable properties > sourceURL is observable [5.71ms]
(pass) observable properties > line is observable [2.61ms]
(pass) observable properties > column is observable [1.85ms]
(pass) error.stack throwing an error doesn't lead to a crash [3.51ms]
(pass) source map remapping of the printed stack > external map whose original source is unavailable [321.92ms]
361 |     test(`console.error: ${name}`, async () => {
362 |       const { stdout, stderr, exitCode } = await run([
363 |         "-e",
364 |         `${make} ${shape} console.error(e); console.log("after");`,
365 |       ]);
366 |       expect(stderr).toContain(header);
                      
... (truncated)

release without fix: all passed
bun test v1.4.0-canary.1 (36c2bd9)

test/js/bun/util/inspect-error.test.js:
(pass) error.cause [0.22ms]
(pass) Error [0.08ms]
(pass) BuildMessage [0.93ms]
(pass) Error inside minified file (no color)  [2.25ms]
(pass) Error inside minified file (color)  [0.37ms]
(pass) Inserted originalLine and originalColumn do not appear in node:util.inspect [2.10ms]
(pass) observable properties > sourceURL is observable [0.15ms]
(pass) observable properties > line is observable [0.06ms]
(pass) observable properties > column is observable [0.05ms]
(pass) error.stack throwing an error doesn't lead to a crash [0.07ms]
(pass) source map remapping of the printed stack > external map whose original source is unavailable [15.36ms]
(pass) AggregateError whose errors cannot be walked > console.error: errors was deleted [12.28ms]
(pass) AggregateError whose errors cannot be walked > uncaught: errors was deleted [11.45ms]
(pass) AggregateError whose errors cannot be walked > console.error: errors is an empty array [11.04ms]
(pass) AggregateError whose errors cannot be walked > uncaught: errors is an empty array [10.43ms]
(pass) AggregateError whose errors cannot be walked > console.error: 
... (truncated)
```

</details>

<details><summary>passes on PR (with fix)</summary>

```console
ASAN with fix: all passed
$ BUN_DEBUG_QUIET_LOGS=1 bun scripts/build.ts --profile=debug --quiet test "--reporter=junit" "--reporter-outfile=/tmp/mechgate.xml" test/js/bun/util/inspect-error.test.js
bun test v1.4.0 (4c68990)

test/js/bun/util/inspect-error.test.js:
(pass) error.cause [6.87ms]
(pass) Error [3.22ms]
(pass) BuildMessage [11.69ms]
(pass) Error inside minified file (no color)  [82.14ms]
(pass) Error inside minified file (color)  [48.09ms]
(pass) Inserted originalLine and originalColumn do not appear in node:util.inspect [123.36ms]
(pass) observable properties > sourceURL is observable [5.96ms]
(pass) observable properties > line is observable [2.81ms]
(pass) observable properties > column is observable [1.88ms]
(pass) error.stack throwing an error doesn't lead to a crash [3.89ms]
(pass) source map remapping of the printed stack > external map whose original source is unavailable [324.62ms]
(pass) AggregateError whose errors cannot be walked > console.error: errors was deleted [285.43ms]
(pass) AggregateError whose errors cannot be walked > console.error: errors is an empty array [269.00ms]
(pass) AggregateError whose errors cannot be walked > uncaught: errors was deleted [286.79
... (truncated)

release with fix: all passed
$ bun scripts/build.ts --profile=release
[configured] bun-profile → bun (stripped) in 628ms (unchanged)
ninja: Entering directory `/workspace/bun/build/release'
[1/9] cc obj/packages/bun-usockets/src/loop.c.o
[2/9] gen generated_host_exports.rs
generated_host_exports.rs: 92 exports (host=3, lazy=10, generic=79, rust=0); 241 extern-C blocks audited
[3/9] gen cpp.rs (cppbind)
[3/9] cargo bun_bin → libbun_rust.a (--target x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu)

  nightly-2026-07-20-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu unchanged - rustc 1.99.0-nightly (9f36de775 2026-07-19)

^[[1m^[[92m   Compiling^[[0m bun_core v0.0.0 (/workspace/bun/src/bun_core)
^[[1m^[[92m   Compiling^[[0m bun_errno v0.0.0 (/workspace/bun/src/errno)
^[[1m^[[92m   Compiling^[[0m bun_ptr v0.0.0 (/workspace/bun/src/ptr)
^[[1m^[[92m   Compiling^[[0m bun_boringssl_sys v0.0.0 (/workspace/bun/src/boringssl_sys)
^[[1m^[[92m   Compiling^[[0m bun_safety v0.0.0 (/workspace/bun/src/safety)
^[[1m^[[92m   Compiling^[[0m bun_zlib_sys v0.0.0 (/workspace/bun/src/zlib_sys)
^[[1m^[[92m   Compiling^[[0m bun_cares_sys v0.0.0 (/workspace/bun/src/cares_sys)
^[[1m^[[92m   Compiling^[[0m bun_zstd v0.0.0 (/workspace/bun/src/zstd)
^[[1m^[[92m   Compiling^[[0m bun_picohttp 
... (truncated)
```

</details>

<details><summary>diff hotspot</summary>

```
src/jsc/JSValue.rs                                 |   6 +-
 src/jsc/VirtualMachine.rs                          |  38 +++---
 src/jsc/bindings/bindings.cpp                      |  11 +-
 .../source-lints/jsresult-swallow.inventory.json   |   2 +-
 test/js/bun/util/inspect-error.test.js             | 127 +++++++++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 165 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)
```

</details>

**gate history** · 2 passed · 0 rejected · iteration 0

<details><summary>evidence per changed file</summary>

```
file                                                      reads  edits  tests
src/jsc/JSValue.rs                                            6      3      0
src/jsc/VirtualMachine.rs                                    12     12      0
src/jsc/bindings/bindings.cpp                                 4      3      0
…t/internal/source-lints/jsresult-swallow.inventory.json      1      1      0
test/js/bun/util/inspect-error.test.js                        2      3      0
```

</details>

<!-- robobun:evidence:end -->
Jarred-Sumner added a commit that referenced this pull request Oct 20, 2026
… and CLI (#46021)

### What does this PR do?

Hardening. This collects the open pull requests that fix a crash in Bun
into one change, and fixes about 20 more crashes that had no pull
request.

"Crash" here means a segfault, a Rust panic, an abort, a failed
assertion, memory corruption that a sanitizer reports, a native stack
overflow, or an exception that ends the process and that the program
can't catch. With this PR those cases throw a normal error, print a
normal CLI error and exit 1, or just work.

306 pull requests are included: 227 whole, and 79 cut down to the crash
fix where the rest was a refactor, a feature or a behavior change. Each
one was checked against current `main` first. 45 more turned out to be
fixed already, and 17 were duplicates. The full list is at the bottom.

#### Crashes you could hit in normal use

- **`bun build` with macros and a `.env` file crashed at random.** In a
repro with many macro modules, more than a third of the builds crashed.
Now 3,000 of 3,000 produce the right bundle. (#45960)
- **`bun run` and `bunx` aborted if a signal arrived while the child was
being spawned.** (#38926, #45965)
- **`bun build --compile ./index.js ./public/*` panicked** if an
embedded file's name wasn't valid UTF-8.
- **A truncated or corrupted compiled executable** died with SIGBUS or a
panic at startup. It now prints an error. (#31787, #38251, #41360)
- **Dev server:** several `Option::unwrap()` panics after a failed or
deleted import (#38046, #44744, #44746), a segfault when an `onLoad`
plugin throws while another bundle is queued, a request that hung and
then panicked with `bundle active`, and `server.stop()` that never
resolved after a client aborted a waiting request.
- **`Bun.serve`:** `server.fetch(url, { headers: new Headers() })`
followed by a GC segfaulted (#40888). Routes were used after free after
`server.reload()` with `tls.serverName` (#38636).
- **`text()` and `json()` on a stream of string chunks** could abort the
process, a regression in 1.4.0. (#44269)
- **`Bun.Transpiler` with `exports.eliminate` or `exports.replace`**
aborted on `export default 1` and on most re-export clauses. (#44137)
- **A decorated `declare` field in a class expression** with
`experimentalDecorators` panicked. (#38095)
- **YAML and JSON5 files with a key that isn't a string** panicked with
`--no-bundle` and in `Bun.Transpiler`. (#41827)
- **`Bun.FileSystemRouter`:** reading `.params` segfaulted when a
rejected route candidate left its parameters behind. (#39290, #39291)
- **Native addons that call `uv_async_*`, `uv_timer_*`, `uv_idle_*`,
`uv_prepare_*`, `uv_check_*`, `uv_queue_work` or `uv_cwd`** aborted with
"unsupported uv function" on Linux and macOS. They're implemented now.
(#36609, #39652, #39892)
- **`--watch` and `--hot`** panicked when the system was out of inotify
instances or file descriptors, or when the reload `exec` failed. They
print an error now. (#39629, #39975, #44837)
- **Paths longer than the path buffer** panicked in `bun install`, the
resolver, the bundler, `--compile`, `tsconfig.json` `paths` and
`baseUrl`, `package.json` `main` and `sideEffects`, `bun run --filter`,
`bun pm diff`, source maps and snapshots. They're ordinary errors now,
or they work. (#36340, #37529, #39104, #39650, #43067)
- **A Worker that creates a `ShadowRealm` and imports
`node:worker_threads` in it** segfaulted.
- **`structuredClone` or `postMessage` of an X25519 key** gave an object
that aborted the process when read. (#45624)
- **`node:stream` web adapters and `node:http2`** could end the process
with an exception that no handler could catch. (#45076, #45975)
- **Windows:** a watcher panic in a burst of file changes (#44344), a
segfault after the machine resumes from sleep (#33015), crashes in the
shell's pipe reader (#39638, #43606), and addons that import from
`node.exe` without the delay-load hook (#35618).

Most of the rest needs unusual input: strings near the 2 GiB limit,
buffers that another thread or a getter resizes or detaches in the
middle of a call, `worker.terminate()` at a bad moment, running out of
memory or file descriptors, very deep nesting, or hostile arguments to
`bun:ffi`, `node:vm` and `bun:sqlite`.

#### Behavior changes

Things that didn't crash before and behave differently now:

- `new` on native functions that aren't constructors throws a
`TypeError`, as in Node: `util.types.*`, `buffer.isAscii`, `isUtf8`,
`transcode`, `resolveObjectURL`, `bun:jsc` exports, `cc()` symbols. It
used to return the call's result. They also stop printing as `[class
hostname]`. (#34575)
- `` $`cmd` `` throws `ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE` if an environment
variable's name or value contains a NUL byte. It used to cut the value
at the NUL. (#44981)
- `cc()` functions throw a `TypeError` for arguments that used to reach
C as garbage, and `read.*(ptr, NaN)` throws. (#37989, #38057, #40773)
- As PID 1, `bun` exits with 128 + the signal number on Ctrl+C or
`docker stop`. (#38877)
- A `NODE_MODULE` addon that's already loaded by the main thread throws
`ERR_DLOPEN_FAILED` when a live Worker loads it too, as in Node.
(#39968)
- An exception from a `node:vm` context reaches `uncaughtException`
handlers. (#39992) `vm.constants.DONT_CONTEXTIFY` returns the real
global proxy. (#34623)
- `createPrivateKey` rejects an EC JWK whose private value doesn't match
its public point. (#33752)
- `@dec static {}` is a syntax error, as in TypeScript and esbuild.
(#44883)
- `clearTimeout` ignores 0 and negative ids, and timer ids no longer
wrap. (#44771)
- HEAD for a `Response` whose body is an S3-backed `Blob` reports the
length that GET sends. (#44734)
- `bun:sqlite` and `node:sqlite`: if `iterate()` left a write unfinished
on a connection that has a hook, a user function or an authorizer, the
write is finished on the connection's next call instead of during
garbage collection. If the database is gone too, it's rolled back.
- `bun test --bail` runs exit listeners and closes SQLite databases.
(#39010)
- Dev server: a request for a client script waits while a bundle is in
flight (#42733), query strings reach framework routes (#33232), and a
request gets a 500 instead of hanging when plugins fail (#36812).

#### File formats

- `.jsc` bytecode files get a 24-byte footer so they can be verified
before decoding. Files from an older Bun are ignored and the source is
parsed instead. (#39396)
- `node:vm` `cachedData` gets an 8-byte checksum. A blob from an older
Bun is rejected, which the API allows. (#32839)
- The built-in modules section of a compiled executable changes from
format 1 to 2 and carries an engine stamp. (#44907)

#### Performance

Measured in instructions per operation on release builds of this branch
and its base, with an A/A run for the noise floor (0.0 to 0.2 %).

No change: `Bun.serve`, `node:http`, WebSocket echo and publish, `bun
build` of 3,807 modules, `bun run` with 2,000 imports, `readdir` /
`Glob` / `fs.cp` over 23,689 entries, startup and RSS. The binary grows
by 176 KB (0.17 %).

| Faster | Instructions |
| --- | --- |
| WebSocket echo of a 1 MB non-ASCII text message | −72 % |
| `Bun.inspect` of a large non-ASCII string | −39 % |
| `Bun.markdown.html` on large non-ASCII input | −33 % |
| `` $`cmd` `` with 300 environment variables | −6 % |
| `fs.readSync` | −5 % |
| `TextEncoder.encodeInto`, short ASCII strings | −4 % |
| async `crypto.pbkdf2`, 16-byte inputs | −17 % |

| Slower | Instructions | Why |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `cc()` calls | +5 to +51 per call | Argument count and type checks,
and a check for `close()` (#37989, #38057, #43802, #44921). `dlopen()`
calls don't change |
| `process.env.X = v` | 38 → 593 per write | Writes aren't cached. Reads
don't change (#38871) |
| async `crypto.pbkdf2`, inputs of 1 KB or more | +4 to +9 % | Password
and salt are copied (#40554) |
| `bun build` with an object `--define` used thousands of times | +4.5 %
| The object is copied per use (#45969) |

#### Not included

- Fixes that need a WebKit change: #39967, #42534, #42982, #43764,
#43786, #44226. #42185 too: a typed array that has no `ArrayBuffer` yet
can't be pinned, so `view.buffer.transfer()` during an async call can
still free its bytes. Creating the `ArrayBuffer` up front costs 7 to 12
% on every async `fs` call, so the fix belongs in JSC: an `ArrayBuffer`
created while the view is borrowed should start out pinned.
- #45442 (`calc()` sums as a flat list): it changes minified output for
real stylesheets to survive a `calc()` with 25,000 terms. It deserves
its own review.
- #40023 (Windows event loop redesign), #29928 (Windows exit path),
#40534, #43963, #39571, #42904, #42834, #36355, #43266: refactors or
features whose crash is already covered or isn't a crash.
- The pull requests marked *(crash fix only)* below should stay open for
their other half.

### How did you verify your code works?

- **Tests.** Every fix has a test that fails on `main` (a release or an
ASAN build) and passes on this branch, except where that isn't
practical: code that only runs on Windows or macOS, inputs that need
several GB of memory, and a few rare races. Those were checked by hand
or by reading.
- **Stored repro scripts.** 230 crash repros ran on release and ASAN
builds of this branch and of `main`, side by side. Release: 88 no longer
crash. ASAN: 106 no longer crash. None crashes that didn't before. What
still crashes needs WebKit, is SQLite's own bug, or isn't a crash. The
ASAN number is from a later commit than the release number.
- **Dev server.** Because one fix makes requests wait, 2,171 generated
programs ran random interleavings of edits, build errors, failing
plugins, reloads, stops and disconnects with about 120,000 requests. No
request hung, was answered twice or got a stale body. `main` hung in 82
of 1,161 programs. This also found the four dev server bugs listed
above.
- **Path helpers.** 336,000 boundary cases with buffers of exactly the
computed size, and 12,003 random calls through 30 JS APIs on an ASAN
build, compared with `main`. No sanitizer report, and the results match
wherever `main` doesn't panic.
- **What worked on 1.4.3 still works.** Reviewers compared behavior with
1.4.3 and took out what changed it: for example an output directory
layout change for 9 or more entry points, a `server.reload()` change,
and a changed error message for `import("file:///50%deposit.ts")`.
- **Not run locally:** the Windows, macOS and FreeBSD code paths. CI
compiles and tests them.

### Included pull requests

**Bundler, transpiler, CSS, macros** (33)

- #33881 bundler: allocate wrapper_ref for CommonJS modules with no
non-hoistable statements
- #35055 Bun.build plugins: handle filter RegExp flags beyond i/m/v
- #37769 bundler: fail the build instead of panicking when the bundle
thread cannot create its waker
- #37784 bundler: copy inlined env values into the define arena, and
give each Bun.build its own env copy *(crash fix only)*
- #37858 bundler: fail the build instead of panicking when a plugin
answer string cannot be converted
- #38046 bun build --server-components: require the bun target and
reject directives without a framework *(crash fix only)*
- #38095 js_parser: fix panic on decorated declare/abstract fields in
class expressions with experimentalDecorators
- #38966 bundler: keep deep CSS, export star and composes graphs from
overflowing the linker's stack
- #38984 bundler: stop an export star ambiguity that loops back into a
re-export chain from overflowing the stack
- #39113 css: reject stylesheets of 2 GiB or more instead of aborting on
an int cast
- #39396 bundler: frame .jsc bytecode sidecars and verify them before
decoding
- #39855 bundler: join the work still on the pools before the bundle is
torn down *(crash fix only)*
- #41157 dev server: leave out an html link to a cached json module
instead of panicking, and mark a new placeholder file stale
- #41801 css: decode ill-formed UTF-8 to U+FFFD before tokenizing
*(crash fix only)*
- #41827 bundler: handle YAML and JSON5 keys that are not strings
instead of panicking
- #42242 js_parser: compress symbol link chains when following merged
declarations
- #42387 bundler: check receivers on the Bun.build plugin object and
freeze its filters during a build
- #42413 Bounds-check the InternalSourceMap window reader
- #42657 macros: keep visited values alive so a reused address does not
get another value's Expr
- #43330 transpiler: do not print an empty `var` for a data file with no
named export
- #43355 bundler: fix "The memory limit has been exceeded." on large
HTML entries
- #43658 react-compiler: fix skipped functions and build aborts for dead
code in a try body *(crash fix only)*
- #44137 js_parser: fix four crashes of exports.eliminate and
exports.replace
- #44467 js_parser: replace skipped expressions with E::Missing and skip
argument checks after a stack overflow
- #44662 js_parser: walk binary chains on the heap and check the stack
when rewriting decorated #private accesses
- #44712 json5: reject sources of 2 GiB or more before parsing instead
of aborting on an int cast
- #44864 js_parser: walk conditional chains in import()/require() and
define keys in a loop
- #44883 js_parser: reject a decorator on a class static block, keep
decorators out of the body of `declare global` *(crash fix only)*
- #45045 Fix a segfault in new Bun.Transpiler(): re-point options.log
after the constructor moves its Log
- #45604 css: keep a url() in an at-rule prelude as written, and never
print the resolved path of a url() *(crash fix only)*
- #45748 bundler: put --banner/--footer in the bytecode ESM module
record (flags from a parse, entries from JSC) *(crash fix only)*
- #45960 macros: give each parse-worker macro VM its own env loader
- #45969 js_parser: copy object and array defines per use, and copy the
list of a lone JSX spread object *(crash fix only)*

**`bun build --compile` and standalone executables** (3)

- #31787 Don't crash at startup when a standalone executable's embedded
graph is corrupted *(crash fix only)*
- #38251 compile: exit with an error instead of SIGBUS when a standalone
executable is truncated
- #41360 standalone: check every offset in the embedded module graph
before reading it

**Resolver, module loading, plugins, paths** (25)

- #32269 Bun.plugin: validate the namespace without a shared regex
- #33183 bun:jsc: filter internal cells out of getProtectedObjects()
- #34575 Don't register native functions as their own constructors
- #36340 paths: size the thread-local join output buffers to
MAX_PATH_BYTES on Windows
- #37037 mock.module: reject async factory results that are not objects
- #37065 bun:jsc: propagate JSONParse exceptions from
samplingProfilerStackTraces
- #37529 resolver: don't abort on a package.json sideEffects entry
longer than the join buffer
- #38179 node:module: throw instead of crashing when module._compile is
set to a non-function
- #38273 bun test: report a test file or preload the loader cannot
resolve instead of exiting; keep the JUnit report valid U… *(crash fix
only)*
- #38732 paths: compute the common path of 9+ inputs with the same loop
as fewer *(crash fix only)*
- #39228 paths: strip C:\\ down to the drive root in
without_trailing_slash_windows_path *(crash fix only)*
- #39650 bun run --filter: stop panicking on workspace paths longer than
the path buffer
- #40186 resolver: stop deeply nested exports targets from overflowing
the stack
- #40258 resolver: publish Entry.abs_path through the per-entry mutex
- #42183 node:module: reject a _resolveFilename override result that
contains a null byte
- #42401 node:module: accept any `this` in Module.prototype.require
*(crash fix only)*
- #42405 Bun.plugin: transpile a copy of typed array onLoad contents
- #42414 node:module: end the Module._stat path at the first null byte
- #42685 resolver: strip the trailing separator inside bust_dir_cache
- #42735 Throw a RangeError instead of aborting when require.resolve
paths or Worker preload outgrows its Vector
- #43067 Report a path that does not fit a path buffer instead of
aborting *(crash fix only)*
- #44410 Fix a crash when code from a node:vm context reads
require.cache or require.extensions
- #44466 Trace the value an object or data module exports from its
JSSourceCode
- #45044 Bun.plugin: give onLoad's args.path its own bytes
- #45117 cjs: do not call an `__esModule` getter during the annotation
lookup

**Dev server, `bun bake`, routers, `--watch` and `--hot`** (28)

- #28793 Stop file watcher thread before Global.exit tears down memory
*(crash fix only)*
- #32143 bake: fix "Runtime file not found" panic in production builds
of custom frameworks
- #32443 watcher: don't free the Watcher in the spawn-to-start window
*(crash fix only)*
- #33232 bake: normalize the HTTP request-target before matching
framework routes
- #36812 bake: respond 500 and release both RequestContext refs when
on_plugins_rejected / OOM drains a deferred framework r…
- #37039 bake: report per-file print failures in the dev server instead
of serving empty modules
- #37276 hot_reloader: take entries_mutex for watcher-thread directory
cache probes
- #37444 bake: unregister Bake::SourceProvider from the source map table
when it is destroyed
- #39290 FileSystemRouter: match / against a root-level optional
catch-all route *(crash fix only)*
- #39291 FileSystemRouter: order dynamic routes by per-segment
precedence like Next.js *(crash fix only)*
- #39629 watch: report a failed watcher init as an error instead of a
crash
- #41185 bake: check for exceptions in the production build's module
loader hooks and helpers
- #41340 bake: skip the directory watch when the directory cannot be
opened
- #41617 Decide a directory watch event from the watchlist, not from the
resolver's cached listing *(crash fix only)*
- #42547 bake: re-arm the memory visualizer timer when it fires
- #42733 dev server: make a client script request wait for the bundle in
flight
- #42828 bake: serve routes from a router root outside the project root
instead of aborting or answering 404
- #42831 bake: resolve app.root and router roots through one checked
join
- #42836 bake: report route scan errors instead of aborting, and fail
bun build --app on them *(crash fix only)*
- #42840 dev server: map a router type's server entry point to the root
route of that type
- #42862 Bun.serve: return before a pending app.plugins setup() settles
*(crash fix only)*
- #42920 Do not create a mimalloc heap per FileSystemRouter, reload() or
:nth-child(An-B) selector
- #42934 dev server: register a client component without evaluating it
- #43329 dev server: check the route bundle index of a client script URL
before Index::init
- #44249 fs.watch: read each directory and close it before descending
- #44344 Windows: fix a watcher panic and lost events in a burst of file
changes, and a --hot that stops watching a deleted…
- #44744 dev server: answer a cached-file lookup only for a graph that
bundled the file
- #44746 dev server: keep an importer in its own graph when an import
fails or is deleted

**`Bun.serve`, sockets, HTTP, WebSocket, HTTP/2, QUIC, DNS** (28)

- #42667 Reland "usockets(windows): keep a closed poll alive until the
outer tick and libuv are done with it" (#39643)
- #33015 fix(windows): segfault in uv__wake_all_loops after system
resume *(crash fix only)*
- #35761 node:quic: detach lsquic ctx pointers before the finalize-order
sweep at worker VM teardown
- #37082 Bun.serve: terminate FIFO/pipe file responses at EOF
- #38024 dns: keep the c-ares uv_poll_t alive while its poll callback is
on the stack (Windows)
- #38636 serve: fix route use-after-free after reload() with
tls.serverName *(crash fix only)*
- #40888 server.fetch: copy a Headers argument instead of adopting the
wrapper's pointer
- #41337 Update lsquic to 4.9.4 and free unsent stateless resets on
destroy *(crash fix only)*
- #41384 usockets: hold a tick level for the whole of close_all
- #41412 Windows: wait for close completions when closing a worker's uv
loop
- #41516 node:http2: handle an empty byte range in respondWithFile and
respondWithFD
- #41521 udp: report every binaryType from the getter, reject a dgram
bind of the other family *(crash fix only)*
- #42188 net: do not assert a two-character host in SocketAddress.parse
- #42210 libuv(windows): keep a pipe's completed read counted until its
read callback returns
- #42334 fetch, Bun.serve: throw a RangeError for Headers that total 4
GiB or more *(crash fix only)*
- #43738 usockets: close a socket whose resume the kernel refuses from
the loop, not from the caller
- #44338 node:http: response trailers travel with the end call of the
response *(crash fix only)*
- #44433 bake: make the parked-request list non-owning and look up the
DevServer when a plugin load settles
- #44533 node:quic: capture the handshake while the conn is alive, set
the application at session creation
- #44734 Bun.serve: answer HEAD for an S3-backed Blob body without an S3
stat
- #44751 node:quic: close() waits only for opened streams, and lsquic
sends no GOAWAY before HTTP/3 starts *(crash fix only)*
- #44897 node:http2: throw instead of panic when the native
setNextStreamID() misses its argument
- #45076 node:http2: let close() and destroy() win over the refusal of a
request
- #45341 uws: AsyncSocket::write takes a size_t length, so res.end()
sends a body of 2 GiB or more whole
- #45522 node:http2: throw for an ALTSVC frame that is too long and for
a pushPromise id that is not a stream id
- #45676 node:quic: do not reset a stream lsquic has already finished
- #45822 node:quic: name a stream in queued session events by a
per-session key, not by its address
- #45858 Bun.serve WebSocket: a message that does not fit in memory
fails one connection, not the server *(crash fix only)*

**Streams, Blob, S3, files, `node:fs`** (28)

- #33845 io: propagate IoRequestLoop init failure instead of aborting
*(crash fix only)*
- #36365 prompt: drop debug_assert that rejects answers containing CR
- #37090 Deliver FIFO bodies whose writer connects after the reader
opens *(crash fix only)*
- #38039 node:fs: stop fs.copyFile(src, "") from segfaulting on Windows
- #38653 shell(cp): reject copying a directory into itself; walk cp
trees without recursion
- #39207 Convert scope-object receivers in the chaining functions and
inspect.custom fallbacks
- #39390 Blob deserialize: reject over-long paths, treat size >=
MAX_SIZE as unknown, make slice() non-panicking
- #39639 fetch: drop the upload and drain hop refs at VM teardown
*(crash fix only)*
- #40008 inspect hooks: copy user options with putDirectMayBeIndex
*(crash fix only)*
- #40462 Windows: FileSink.start({ path }) on a live writer: hand the
writer a libuv fd and close the old source *(crash fix only)*
- #41440 node:fs: pass the buffer to the read/readv/write/writev
callback on error
- #41584 Walk the timer pairing heap without recursion
- #41608 native-readable: accept a stream with no native handle
- #41710 JSSink write(): convert the chunk before resolving the native
sink *(crash fix only)*
- #42711 webstreams: bound the native recursion through a chain of tees
or text streams
- #43264 fetch: reject a file: URL whose path has an encoded NUL
- #43709 s3: fix double free of a multipart part's bytes on worker
terminate
- #43950 streams: link readers and writers last, reject their promises
as handled
- #44036 PipeReader: label a chunk Eof only when the reader is at its
end
- #44181 streams: throw instead of aborting when a direct stream's text
sink cannot take a string chunk
- #44195 fs: validate POSIX directory records in one parser, report a
malformed record as EIO *(crash fix only)*
- #44269 streams: join the string chunks of a text consumer with one
allocation
- #44490 watch(windows): report a failed child spawn as an error instead
of a panic *(crash fix only)*
- #44954 process.stdout/stderr with no FileSink: write synchronously,
reset after a failed write *(crash fix only)*
- #45004 streams: leave a stream alone when a consumer fails to lock it
- #45521 FileSink: throw ERR_ILLEGAL_CONSTRUCTOR from the constructor
that script reaches by writer.constructor
- #45738 s3: own the Blob store across the calls that run user JS
- #45975 node:stream: do not touch the web controller after the web side
is done

**Node-API, V8 API, `bun:ffi`, `process.dlopen`** (15)

- #36609 napi: implement uv_cwd on POSIX
- #37989 bun:ffi: stop cc() from turning non-numeric pointer arguments
into garbage pointers
- #38057 bun:ffi: make cc() reject non-numeric i64/u64 arguments instead
of passing garbage
- #38425 bun:ffi: throw on an empty cc() source array instead of
panicking
- #39652 napi: implement uv_async_t, uv_queue_work and uv_default_loop
on posix
- #39805 Share one handle scope implementation between Node-API and the
V8 API
- #39892 napi: implement uv_idle_t, uv_prepare_t, uv_check_t and
uv_timer_t on posix
- #40144 bun:ffi: return undefined for a NULL napi_value from cc() and
throw the scheduled napi exception
- #40773 bun:ffi: add the full byteOffset in read.*, do not truncate it
to int32
- #41704 napi: hand the thrown value to
napi_get_and_clear_last_exception after napi_run_script
- #42960 process.dlopen: run a V8 addon's init function after dlopen()
returns
- #43797 Fix debug assertion on an empty error message from a V8 addon
or SQLite *(crash fix only)*
- #43802 bun:ffi: throw a TypeError when a cc() symbol is called after
its library's close()
- #43940 napi: fail with ERR_BUFFER_TOO_LARGE instead of aborting above
the ArrayBuffer limit *(crash fix only)*
- #44921 bun:ffi: pad a short call to a cc() symbol with undefined

**`node:vm`, workers, process, timers** (19)

- #34623 node:vm: run DONT_CONTEXTIFY contexts directly against the real
global
- #32839 node:vm: reject invalid cachedData instead of crashing
- #36921 error printer: clear the pending exception when formatting a
non-Error uncaught value throws
- #37270 error printer: one render per error, [Circular] under the key
that closes the cycle
- #38740 bun:test: give each VM its own fake clock *(crash fix only)*
- #39864 Report a refused HTTP, bundle, IO or process waiter thread as
an error instead of a crash *(crash fix only)*
- #39992 process: deliver exceptions reported against a node:vm context
to uncaughtException
- #41654 node:vm: give each SourceTextModule request the import
attributes of the declaration that created it *(crash fix only)*
- #41739 Do not forward the inherited IPC channel to spawned scripts and
tools
- #41769 node:vm: stop compiling accepted cachedData, report each
cachedData decode to the GC *(crash fix only)*
- #42045 bun:test fake timers: never move the fake clock backwards
- #42308 process.execve: throw instead of aborting for a string past the
string limits
- #42734 node:vm: report cachedData of 2 GiB or more as rejected instead
of aborting
- #42843 process.dlopen: reject a filename of PATH_MAX or more before
dlopen()
- #43500 process: accept SIGSTKFLT, SIGPOLL and SIGPWR, and emit every
name of a signal number *(crash fix only)*
- #44486 worker: stop the start sequence when a handler it calls stops
the worker
- #44771 timers: allocate ids from one 64-bit counter that never wraps
- #44837 --hot: defer a reload during the preloads, and report a reload
that cannot start
- #44991 Fix a use-after-free in the VM ref-string intern for a string
over the length limit

**Shell, spawn, CLI, `bun test`, `bun install`** (31)

- #30642 Fail fast at startup when simdutf has no usable implementation
for this CPU
- #34223 Fix four crashes: HTMLRewriter disturbed body, S3 locked-stream
upload, ConnectionsList closed parser, shell brace… *(crash fix only)*
- #34884 Guard the console and test-runner formatters against native
stack overflow on deeply nested values *(crash fix only)*
- #36584 process.chdir: publish an immutable cwd slice so no thread sees
a torn cwd
- #37135 bun test --parallel: hold the JSC API lock while draining the
worker's final IPC backlog
- #37527 shell(mv): report ENAMETOOLONG instead of panicking when a
source name does not fit the path buffers
- #37528 cli: stop aborting on absolute script paths longer than 1024
bytes on Windows
- #38162 shell(cp): report ENAMETOOLONG instead of panicking on operands
longer than the path buffers
- #38205 shell(windows): report ENAMETOOLONG for operands that do not
fit the path buffer
- #39010 bun test: exit through the VM teardown path when --bail stops a
run
- #39104 bun test: report over-long coverage dir, JUnit outfile and
bunfig root instead of panicking *(crash fix only)*
- #39638 shell(cat): serve a second cat on the same stdin instead of
hanging or panicking
- #39641 usockets: report an out-of-descriptors event loop init as an
error, not a crash *(crash fix only)*
- #40181 shell: stop deeply nested if clauses from overflowing the
parser stack
- #40885 shell: throw instead of panicking when a ReadableStream is used
as a redirect
- #41155 ipc: send a queue item larger than 2 GiB in capped write
requests
- #42298 bun:test: print String objects with 16-bit storage correctly
- #42577 bun:test: root the return values toHaveReturnedWith collects
- #43606 shell(windows): report a failed pipe reader start through
on_reader_error instead of leaking the subprocess *(crash fix only)*
- #43838 node:cluster: read a worker's `ack` and `addressType` in the
primary only when they are int32
- #44172 node:cluster: refuse a descriptor of the wrong kind in the
primary *(crash fix only)*
- #44185 node:cluster: one handle for each descriptor that workers name
*(crash fix only)*
- #44491 bun test: run every callback when native code leaves an
exception pending *(crash fix only)*
- #44694 shell mv: refuse to copy a directory into itself on the
cross-device fallback
- #44752 shell: take the command-substitution capture and drop its NUL
bytes
- #44981 shell: reject NUL bytes in .cwd() and .env() at the native
setters
- #45206 ini: reject a source of 2 GiB or more in Parser::parse instead
of aborting on an int cast *(crash fix only)*
- #45348 bun test: fix a segfault in .not.toThrow(Class) when
Symbol.hasInstance accepts a thrown string, symbol or BigInt
- #45649 shell: replace the output counters in mkdir, cp, ls and touch
with the OutputTask queue
- #45792 bun test: SIGKILL a spawnSync child that is still running 500
ms after the test's timeout *(crash fix only)*
- #45910 create: own the remote-template response buffers instead of
parking them in the CLI arena

**Web APIs, Buffer, encoding, URL, crypto, zlib, SQLite, Redis and the
rest** (96)

- #29709 console: guard JSX/Proxy recursion in Bun.inspect (stack
overflow SIGSEGV)
- #30817 console.takeHeapSnapshot: clear prior snapshots before building
- #30956 spawnSync: make signal-forwarding register/unregister safe for
concurrent callers *(crash fix only)*
- #31505 node:zlib: reject invalid brotli flush values at validation
*(crash fix only)*
- #31735 node:path: fix win32 drive-relative resolve on non-Windows
hosts *(crash fix only)*
- #32085 Fix crash when RedisClient onclose/onconnect is set to a
non-callable
- #32240 Fix BroadcastChannel custom inspect crash with numeric option
keys
- #33181 Reject interior null bytes in Bun.mmap, Glob.scan, and
FileSystemRouter paths *(crash fix only)*
- #33752 node:crypto: validate EC JWK private scalar matches public
point in createPrivateKey
- #34976 spyOn: install and restore through one writer that throws when
the object refuses *(crash fix only)*
- #35562 structuredClone: purify NaN in deserialized Date timestamp so
getTime never returns a forged JSValue
- #35618 napi(windows): load addons that import node.exe without
win_delay_load_hook
- #35757 Coerce later arguments before capturing input buffers in
Bun.Transpiler and Bun.RedisClient
- #37252 Report UTF-16 to UTF-8 encode counts through size_t so exactly
2^32 written bytes doesn't wrap to 0
- #37338 node:module: build require.cache without user-writable globals
and propagate its exceptions *(crash fix only)*
- #37340 redis: accept unsubscribe acks that arrive outside subscriber
mode
- #37370 Error.appendStackTrace: make appending an error's trace to
itself a no-op
- #37443 node:crypto: fix null deref when worker.terminate() lands
during an EC JWK private key import
- #37448 jsc: check for exceptions before using a stored
constructEmptyArray result *(crash fix only)*
- #38009 MessagePort: fix a heap-use-after-free in contextDestroyed(),
release ref() when the last 'message' listener is rem… *(crash fix
only)*
- #38469 napi: settle or refuse async work queued during VM teardown
instead of taking a ticket
- #38708 Handle 16-bit module sources in the error preview, the
new-position fix-up and the REPL *(crash fix only)*
- #38821 process.env: make a failed env build throw instead of aborting
(Windows 0xC0000409 on Bun.$ / Bun.sql / process.env…
- #38871 process.env: coerce to string on every execution of an
assignment, not just the first
- #38877 cli: exit 128 + signo when bun cannot die from a re-raised
signal (bun as container PID 1)
- #38926 Clear the inherited signal mask at startup and exec children
with an empty one *(crash fix only)*
- #39382 Make a failed util.inspect load throw from custom inspect
functions instead of aborting
- #39481 Always create the error when a native error message exceeds the
string length limit
- #39651 performance: keep the user timing entry counts exact after
clearMarks(name) and clearMeasures(name)
- #39775 Turn seccomp SIGSYS traps into ENOSYS so the syscall fallbacks
run on Android
- #39968 process.dlopen: replay a non-context-aware V8 addon only while
no other live VM owns it
- #39975 watch: report a failed reload exec as an error instead of a
panic *(crash fix only)*
- #40346 Give Glob's native scan methods their own private names
- #40554 node:crypto: copy password and salt for async pbkdf2 and scrypt
- #40567 url: reject URL-encoded input over the WTF decode limit instead
of aborting
- #40577 url: throw a RangeError instead of aborting when
URLSearchParams or FormData outgrows its Vector
- #41073 Store array-index property names as indexed properties in
native object builders
- #41137 Write the sampling profiler report at exit from Bun, not JSC's
atexit hook
- #41365 webview: fail only the view when WebKit lacks
initWithDirectory:
- #41574 Decode a private copy of a JS buffer in the UTF-8 decoders
*(crash fix only)*
- #41652 console: read a BigInt depth option by value in console.dir
- #41749 Startup: reopen fd 0-2 as /dev/null only when the fd is closed
- #41819 Report an incoherent BUN_JSC_* option combination as a
configuration error, not a crash *(crash fix only)*
- #42158 webview: reject malformed Chrome replies instead of crashing
- #42179 shell: clamp a `> ${buf}` redirect to the target buffer's live
length
- #42187 node:crypto: throw ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE for >2 GiB buffer arguments
instead of aborting
- #42191 URLPattern: throw instead of aborting when a pattern string
passes the string limit
- #42192 Copy WebAssembly.Memory bytes for native borrows that outlive
the call *(crash fix only)*
- #42198 Make Bun.$, Bun.sql, Bun.postgres and Bun.SQL custom value
getters so reifying the Bun object passes exception chec…
- #42203 node:fs: fs.read into a WebAssembly.Memory view writes into the
block a grow freed
- #42214 Headers: throw a RangeError instead of aborting when the
set-cookie list cannot grow
- #42218 Headers: throw instead of aborting when a value passes the
string length limit
- #42220 URLPattern: throw instead of aborting when the token list
cannot grow
- #42225 Throw ERR_STRING_TOO_LONG from Bun.wrapAnsi instead of aborting
when the output passes the string length limit
- #42226 Throw instead of aborting when a MIME string does not fit in a
string *(crash fix only)*
- #42237 Bun.Cookie: throw instead of aborting when the Set-Cookie
string passes the string length limit
- #42249 Copy a shared input before libdeflate compresses it in
Bun.gzipSync and Bun.deflateSync
- #42253 bun test: walk nested describe scopes without native recursion
- #42259 Throw instead of aborting when a domainToASCII host passes the
string length limit
- #42310 Parse a private copy of a shared or resizable buffer in
Bun.Transpiler, Bun.markdown, Bun.YAML and Bun.TOML *(crash fix only)*
- #42312 YAML, JSON5, XML stringify: throw instead of aborting when the
output passes the string length limit
- #42318 Bound libdeflate's emit path so a racing input cannot overrun
the output
- #42338 inspector: check the type of process.argv in getModuleGraph
- #42364 node:perf_hooks: do not truncate the monitorEventLoopDelay
resolution to int32
- #42412 transpiler cache: reject an entry with no sourcemap section
- #42479 worker_threads: do not abort when
markAsUntransferable/markAsUncloneable gets a WebAssembly GC reference
- #42517 EventTarget: skip a listener object that has no realm
- #42518 fs.Stats: make the date accessors define the property like
Object.defineProperty *(crash fix only)*
- #42575 Stop natives from writing onto a foreign `this` with putDirect:
process.ppid, require.cache, StringDecoder, the nat… *(crash fix only)*
- #42631 JSStringView: pin the cell that owns the borrowed characters
- #42660 bun_core: read /dev/urandom when getrandom(2) answers ENOSYS or
EPERM
- #42780 node:crypto: treat a name too long to convert to UTF-8 as
unknown instead of aborting
- #42782 node:crypto: throw ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE for a passphrase larger
than INT_MAX bytes
- #42856 url: do not abort when a host is too long for the IDNA
conversion buffers
- #42868 sqlite, console, process: do not abort on a string too long to
convert to UTF-8 *(crash fix only)*
- #42941 Bun.sliceAnsi: throw instead of aborting when the result passes
the string length limit
- #43058 Bun.serve: fix crash and cross-request 500 when inspecting a
non-Response return value throws
- #43904 JSC bindings: build property keys from a BunString through
Bun::toIdentifier
- #44124 Bun.Image: decode WebP into a Bun-owned canvas and read ICCP
without the demuxer *(crash fix only)*
- #44190 Convert scope-object receivers before Buffer read*/write* and
vm.Script describe them
- #44211 Stop getsockname(out), useFakeTimers() and the stream source
pull() from writing onto a caller's object with putDirect
- #44295 bun test --coverage: append a final newline to a text that
lacks one *(crash fix only)*
- #44360 rust-argon2: return OutOfMemory instead of aborting when the
memory cost cannot be allocated
- #44421 node:zlib: free zstd's workers before the dictionary they read
- #44521 util.parseArgs: pick the default args start from a per-VM eval
flag, as Node v26 does *(crash fix only)*
- #44740 structured clone: tolerate a zero-sized shared
WebAssembly.Memory in computeMemoryCost()
- #44759 HTMLRewriter: park a suspended handler's token before the
output flush
- #44907 Builtins section format 2: an engine stamp says which buns
compile its modules
- #45188 Reject an oversized WebCrypto cipher output instead of aborting
- #45354 Throw for a `file:` URL whose path is not UTF-8 on Linux and
macOS, through one `fileSystemPath()` accessor *(crash fix only)*
- #45608 ipc: refuse an over-long message before the receive buffer
stores it
- #45624 webcrypto: write the key type into the X25519 structured-clone
record
- #45625 node:sqlite: refuse session.close() and Symbol.dispose inside a
SQLite callback
- #45653 glob: a group with `?` or a class matches when an alternative
takes 64 bytes or more
- #45820 Bun.file, S3Client.file and Bun.write no longer keep a buffer
path alive forever
- #45832 `bun check`: fix a panic on `export *` without a module
specifier, and a false error for one in parentheses

### Already fixed on `main`, or duplicates of a pull request above

Already fixed: #27323 #30401 #31011 #31206 #31566 #31626 #31695 #31702
#31945 #32773 #34154 #34697 #34744 #34964 #35655 #35816 #36020 #36181
#36296 #36342 #36581 #36602 #36807 #36818 #36857 #37172 #37235 #37239
#37267 #37420 #37731 #37914 #38113 #38119 #38509 #38514 #38540 #38975
#39410 #40749 #41163 #41171 #42108 #43085 #43230

Duplicates: #45654 #29986 #33378 #36895 #37070 #37639 #38014 #39021
#41266 #42250 #42951 #43238 #44259 #45335 #45565 #45726 #45965

Fixes #5019
Fixes #6106
Fixes #10690
Fixes #10886
Fixes #13566
Fixes #14745
Fixes #15551
Fixes #20454
Fixes #21310
Fixes #29145
Fixes #30454
Fixes #30613
Fixes #30766
Fixes #32103
Fixes #32142
Fixes #32183
Fixes #32212
Fixes #39060
Fixes #42296
Fixes #42931
Fixes #43671
Fixes #44201
Fixes #44735
Fixes #44783
Fixes #45198
Fixes #45327
Fixes #45491
Fixes #45721

---------

Co-authored-by: autofix-ci[bot] <114827586+autofix-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
@Jarred-Sumner

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This is Claude (an AI assistant) commenting on Jarred's behalf.

While putting #46021 together we checked this against main, and the crash it fixes no longer happens there. Closing. Please reopen it if that's wrong.

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