node:net: count bytesRead on the native socket handle by robobun · Pull Request #42313 · oven-sh/bun

robobun · 2026-09-11T11:00:29Z

Problem

session.socket.bytesRead of a node:http2 session is always 0, on the client and on the server. Node v26.3.0 reports the bytes the peer wrote. bytesWritten is correct through session.socket only (node:net: socket.bytesWritten is 0 on a socket that a node:http2 session writes through #42465). Fixes node:http2: session.socket.bytesRead is always 0 #42302. The same property adds up over the connections of a reused socket ([6, 12, 18], node: [6, 6, 6]). Fixes node:net: socket.bytesRead adds up over the connections of a reused socket #42303.
bytesRead is a plain property on net.Socket that only the JS data handlers add to (src/js/node/net.ts:482, :802, :1316). The h2 session is a native consumer of the socket: on_data (src/runtime/socket/socket_body.rs:2206) hands the bytes to native_callback.on_data and returns before the JS handler runs. The onread handler never added to it, and nothing reset it on a reconnect.

Fix

The native socket gets a bytes_read counter next to bytes_written. on_data adds the chunk length before any consumer sees it. TCPSocket and TLSSocket expose it as a bytesRead getter. The raw half of upgradeTLS inherits the count of the wrapper it replaces (same fd).
net.Socket.bytesRead is a prototype getter that reads the handle, as in node (lib/net.js). detachSocket and _destroy save the last value in kBytesRead, so 'close' handlers still see it. A new connection starts at 0, also when connect() replaces a live one and the native wrapper is reused (detach_for_reconnect resets the counter).
An onread socket leaves out the bytes the callback has not received: the declined tail (kOnreadTail) plus the rest of the chunk deliver() is slicing (kOnreadSlicing). The count advances one slice per callback, as node's handle reads one buffer per callback. connect() drops a declined tail, because it belongs to the old handle, and bumps an epoch so a callback that calls connect() stops the rest of its chunk. A chunk that arrives while a connect() still waits for its lookup is delivered whole.
Verified: test/js/node/http2/node-http2.test.js (session.socket.bytesRead, h2c and h2, stock bun reports 0) and test/js/node/net/node-net.test.ts (net.Socket bytesRead, 11 tests, stock bun fails 10) and test/js/node/tls/node-tls-upgrade.test.ts (4 tests from node:tls: test bytesRead on the sockets that a TLS upgrade wraps #42373). Also node-tls-server, node-tls-connect, node-tls-upgrade, node-http, socket-reconnect-live, test/js/bun/net/socket.test.ts, and node's test-net-bytes-read, test-net-bytes-stats, test-net-after-close.

Background

A net.Socket owns a native handle (_handle): a TCPSocket or TLSSocket from src/runtime/socket/socket_body.rs. The handle calls the JS handlers table (data, drain, close) on events.
A native consumer (NativeCallbacks::H2) is attached by attach_native_callback. It takes the bytes in on_data before the JS data handler, so the JS layer never sees h2 frames.
upgradeTLS turns one TCP handle into a [raw, tls] pair over one fd. tls owns dispatch and gets plaintext. raw keeps the old handlers and gets the ciphertext through a tap. A TLS count is of decrypted bytes, like node's TLSWrap.
onread: { buffer, callback } reads into the user's buffer and calls callback(nread, buffer). A false return stops reads until resume(). Bun slices one native read into callbacks, so the rest of a declined read waits in a tail.

Notes

Sibling PRs. #42304 (self.bytesRead += n in the onread loop) and #42306 (self.bytesRead = 0 in initSocketHandle) are closed in favor of this PR. Both write to bytesRead. Here bytesRead is a getter with no setter, and the builtins run in strict mode, so both assignments throw TypeError on top of this change. The tests of both PRs pass unchanged on a debug build of this branch: the 4 net.Socket onread bytesRead tests of #42304 and the socket-reconnect-live.test.ts test of #42306. Two cases came over from #42304: onread over TLS, and a read that reaches the callback as the true sentinel. The [6, 6, 6] case of #42306 is covers one connection of a socket that connects again, like node. #42373 (merged into this branch) adds the tests for the sockets that a TLS upgrade wraps.

#42305 drops the declined onread tail in connect() and _destroy (for #42301, the replayed tail). This PR adds the same dropOnreadTail in connect(), because the derived count would otherwise subtract a stale tail from a fresh handle. #42305 still adds the _destroy call and the replay test. Whichever lands second rebases to a no-op on the shared line.

#42265 adds an early return for kAdoptedTLSRaw in the onread data handler. That handler no longer counts anything here, so the order does not matter: the handle counts before the JS handler runs, which is node's behaviour for the raw socket under tls.connect({ socket }) (it counts the TLS records).

#28709 (req.socket.bytesRead in a node:http server) is a different socket class (NodeHTTPServerSocket over a NodeHTTPResponse handle) with its own PR, #28710. This PR does not change it. _http_server.ts defines bytesRead = 0 as an own class field, so the new prototype getter does not reach it.

Bun-internal consumer. src/js/node/http2.ts:2185 fills the Http2Session performance entry with socket.bytesRead, which was always 0.

Probe, STARTTLS over tls.connect({ socket }). A plain socket reads a 10-byte greeting and a 3-byte ack, then upgrades. After the handshake: plain.bytesRead 2573 (13 plaintext + ciphertext), secure.bytesRead 0. After a 4-byte reply: secure.bytesRead 4, plain.bytesRead 3009. The same numbers as bun 1.4.3. The 13 pre-upgrade bytes are kept through the raw twin's initial count.

CI. On ce6dd59 180 of 181 jobs pass. The one red job is test/cli/install/bun-patch.test.ts on Windows 2019 x64, a bun patch test that this diff does not touch. It is reported for main.

Local runs. Two tests in node-net.test.ts and one in node-tls-server.test.ts fail in my container with and without this change: they listen on localhost, which resolves to ::1 here, and connect to 127.0.0.1. The released build fails the same ones. test/js/bun/net/socket.test.ts "keeps accepting across GC" hits its 5 s budget about half the time on the ASAN build, with and without this change. The types test (bun-types.test.ts) fails identically on main.

Follow-ups on this branch. #42373 added the TLS upgrade tests. 78d96f9 replaced the socket.connecting check in the deliver loop with the epoch: connecting is also set while a live connect() waits for its lookup, and the old connection still delivers then, so every chunk lost all but its first slice. It also makes the getter enumerable, as node's is.

Provenance. No user reported these. They were found by inspection during the review of the onread fix. No test in node's suite pins the values: the expected numbers come from runs of node v26.3.0.

Other open PRs that assign bytesRead. #41495, #29139, #29140, #29141 and #33382 each add a self.bytesRead += line to src/js/node/net.ts. That line throws TypeError on the new getter after a rebase, and git does not flag it. I left a note on #41495, #29139 and #33382. Where the handle has a native bytesRead getter (the TTY and Pipe handles of those PRs), the JS line can go.

Left out on purpose. bytesWritten and _bytesDispatched still read kBytesWritten and not the handle. A socket that an h2 session writes through reports bytesWritten === 0 unless it is read through the session.socket Proxy, and a connect() that replaces a live connection keeps the written count of the old one. #42465 tracks both.

Self-review: 4 concerns raised, 4 addressed (derived undelivered count instead of a running counter, tail drop on reconnect, reconnect tests, Fixes #42303). Bot review findings after that: stale slicing state and the reused native wrapper on a live reconnect, both fixed with tests. A second self-review after the consolidation said merge after changes. Addressed in 78d96f9: the connecting key in the deliver loop, the enumerability of the getter, the missing 'error' handler in one test, the wrong lib/net.js link. Addressed in this body: the provenance, the bytesWritten statement, the follow-up issue, the list of PRs that assign bytesRead. Rejected: a return to the bun 1.4.3 sequence for a callback that calls connect() (AAAA BBBB CCCC xyz). The approved test pins AAAA, xyz, which is consistent with the tail drop in connect(). The comment on 78d96f9 says how to switch.

no test proof · iteration 4 · platform-specific test(s) that do not run on this machine, deferring to CI, which covers all platforms: test/js/node/net/node-net.test.ts

net.Socket.bytesRead was a plain JS property that only the JS data handlers added to. When a native consumer owns the socket (a node:http2 session), on_data hands the bytes to that consumer and returns before the JS handler runs, so the count stayed at 0. The onread data handler never added to it either. Add a bytes_read counter to the native socket next to bytes_written, increase it in on_data before any consumer sees the data, and expose it as a bytesRead getter on TCPSocket and TLSSocket. net.Socket.bytesRead is now a prototype getter that reads the handle, like node, and keeps the last value once the handle is detached. The raw half of a TLS upgrade inherits the count of the wrapper it replaces. An onread socket leaves out the bytes the handle read that its callback has not received yet, so the count advances one slice per callback like node, whose handle reads at most one onread buffer per callback. Fixes #42302

coderabbitai · 2026-09-11T11:00:38Z

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Walkthrough

The change adds native received-byte tracking, exposes bytesRead on TCP and TLS sockets, preserves adjusted counts across buffering and teardown, documents the public type, and adds HTTP/2 and net.Socket tests.

Changes

Socket bytesRead support

Layer / File(s)	Summary
Native received-byte tracking `src/runtime/socket/socket_body.rs`, `src/runtime/socket/Listener.rs`, `src/runtime/node/node_net_binding.rs`	Socket wrappers count incoming payload bytes, expose the count, initialize it across construction paths, and preserve it during TCP-to-TLS upgrades.
Node wrapper accounting and lifecycle `src/js/node/net.ts`	Node sockets exclude undelivered `onread` data, reset stale state on reconnect, and retain adjusted totals after detachment or destruction.
Socket API and type declarations `src/runtime/socket/sockets.classes.ts`, `packages/bun-types/bun.d.ts`	TCP and TLS sockets expose `bytesRead`. The public declaration documents cumulative received bytes and decrypted TLS data.
Protocol and `onread` validation `test/js/node/http2/node-http2.test.js`, `test/js/node/net/node-net.test.ts`	Tests cover HTTP/2, TLS, close retention, native reads, reconnect resets, `onread` slices, paused callbacks, and resumed buffered data.

Suggested reviewers: jarred-sumner

Priority: ➖ Normal

Severity of issue fixed: Medium

Merge Risk: 🔵 Low · up to b8048

Reused socket reconnects may retain received-byte counts from a prior connection, producing incorrect bytesRead values.

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 4

✅ Passed checks (4 passed)

Check name	Status	Explanation
Linked Issues check	✅ Passed	The PR satisfies the coding requirements in [`#42302`] and [`#42303`]. Native sockets count received bytes before native or JavaScript consumers process them. TCP and TLS getters expose the count, and HTT…
Out of Scope Changes check	✅ Passed	The native counter, TCP and TLS getters, reconnect handling, type declaration, and tests directly support [`#42302`] and [`#42303`]. The available whole-PR evidence does not show an unrelated behavior cha…
Title check	✅ Passed	The title clearly identifies the primary change: native accounting for `node:net` socket `bytesRead` values.
Description check	✅ Passed	The description provides detailed problem context, implementation details, verification results, related issues, and CI status. It does not use the template headings exactly, but it covers both requir…

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claude

Beyond the inline findings, I also checked whether the bytesRead prototype getter would break NodeHTTPServerSocket (it still declares an own bytesRead = 0 class field, so it's unaffected) and whether the reconnect path drops the previous connection's count by not summing kBytesRead + handle.bytesRead — it does, but that matches Node's own bytesRead getter (this[kHandle] ? this[kHandle].bytesRead : this[kBytesRead]), so it's not a regression.

Extended reasoning...

Two confirmed findings are being posted inline (stale kOnreadUndelivered across reconnect, and an unrejectable paused.promise in the new onread test). Separately, I looked at whether the new prototype getter would collide with NodeHTTPServerSocket — it retains its own bytesRead = 0 class field so the getter is shadowed. I also considered whether the getter should be additive (kBytesRead + handle.bytesRead) like Node's bytesWritten; Node's own bytesRead getter at lib/net.js is non-additive, so the PR's shape matches upstream and the ruled-out entry for net.ts:1868 stands.

Findings marked 🟡 are optional suggestions and need no follow-up push.

A running counter kept stale state across a reconnect. Compute the bytes the callback has not received from the tail and the chunk deliver() is slicing instead, so a fresh handle starts from the state it has. Shorten the comments.

robobun · 2026-09-11T11:33:07Z

^{Updated 4:48 AM PT - Sep 12th, 2026}

✅ @robobun, your commit 3afefb2e90df46f950bd2105b6540510c8bb3cc0 passed in Build #114697! 🎉

🧪 To try this PR locally:

bunx bun-pr 42313

That installs a local version of the PR into your bun-42313 executable, so you can run:

bun-42313 --bun

claude

Code review found no issues

No high-confidence issues detected in this change.

The tail belongs to the handle that read it. With a new handle the count would subtract bytes the new handle never read. Add reconnect tests for a plain socket and for an onread socket with a declined tail. Fixes #42303

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src/runtime/socket/socket_body.rs (1)
1349-1371: 🎯 Functional Correctness | 🟡 Minor | ⚡ Quick win

Reset bytes_read when reusing a socket for reconnect.

doConnect passes the existing socket to connect_finish, which reuses the same NewSocket through detach_for_reconnect(). Since on_data adds to bytes_read and get_bytes_read returns it, bytesRead on the replacement connection includes bytes from the retired connection. Reset the counter during detachment, and add a regression test for reconnecting an active socket.
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In `@src/runtime/socket/socket_body.rs` around lines 1349 - 1371, Update
detach_for_reconnect to reset the socket’s bytes_read counter while detaching
the retired connection, before the NewSocket is reused for reconnect. Preserve
the existing detach and cleanup flow, and add a regression test covering
reconnect of an active socket to verify the replacement connection’s bytesRead
starts at zero.

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Inline comments:
In `@src/js/node/net.ts`:
- Line 2185: Add a delivery generation for onread processing: increment it in
dropOnreadTail(), have deliverSlices() stop after each callback when its
captured generation changes, and clear kOnreadSlicing when reconnect begins so
handleBytesRead() cannot apply stale state to the replacement handle. Add a
regression test covering Socket.connect() from the first onread callback slice.

---

Outside diff comments:
In `@src/runtime/socket/socket_body.rs`:
- Around line 1349-1371: Update detach_for_reconnect to reset the socket’s
bytes_read counter while detaching the retired connection, before the NewSocket
is reused for reconnect. Preserve the existing detach and cleanup flow, and add
a regression test covering reconnect of an active socket to verify the
replacement connection’s bytesRead starts at zero.

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detach_for_reconnect reuses the wrapper for the new native socket, so its count has to start over. An onread callback that calls connect() also stops the rest of the old chunk, and the slicing state goes with the tail.

robobun · 2026-09-11T12:59:02Z

The out-of-diff finding on detach_for_reconnect is fixed in f012d70: the reused wrapper resets bytes_read with the old native socket, so a live connect() starts at 0. Covered by the new test 'starts at 0 when connect() replaces a live connection'.

claude

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…et-bytes-read

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cirospaciari · 2026-09-11T20:04:29Z

@robobun check CI

robobun · 2026-09-11T20:07:10Z

CI on ce6dd59 (build 114395): 180 of 181 jobs pass. The red job is Windows 2019 x64, one test in test/cli/install/bun-patch.test.ts: "packages whose label is longer than 1024 bytes > bun patch @". bun install fails there with "package.json" for "bar" failed to open: ENOENT on a long ./x/../x/../... path. That test does not touch sockets, and it also failed and then passed after 2 retries in build 114238 on the same lane. I reported it as a main break.

Every socket, net, tls, http and http2 lane is green. Your merge of main (d2dd882) started build 114421, I will check it when it finishes.

cirospaciari · 2026-09-11T20:09:04Z

@robobun fix types

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Inline comments:
In `@test/js/node/net/node-net.test.ts`:
- Line 3345: Replace the parameterized it.each() around the “onread over %s”
case with a describe.each() suite, nesting the existing test case inside it
while preserving the net/tls parameter values and behavior.

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robobun · 2026-09-11T20:14:47Z

The bun-types check fails for a reason outside this diff. The fixture installs @types/node@latest, and since 2026-09-09 that dist-tag points at 22.20.2 (DefinitelyTyped published 26.5.1 and then the backports, the tag followed the last publish). @types/node 22 declares module "tls" with a "node:tls" re-export, 25+ is the reverse, so the bun-types augmentations of "node:tls" and "node:fs/promises" miss on 22. Every bun-types run on every branch fails the same way since then, and the failures name overrides.d.ts and globals.d.ts, not the bytesRead line this PR adds.

#42230 fixes the check: it pins the fixture to the newest @types/node release instead of latest. With that pin applied locally (@types/node 26.5.1, typescript 6.0.2) the full bun-types.test.ts passes on this branch, 21 of 21. If #42230 lands first, a merge of main turns the check green here. I did not fold its change into this PR to keep the two apart, but I can if you prefer.

robobun · 2026-09-11T20:26:15Z

Follow-up from #42304, which @cirospaciari closed in favor of this PR: #42373 adds the tests that were still missing for the TLS upgrade path. It is stacked on this branch and touches test/js/node/tls/node-tls-upgrade.test.ts only.

What I checked on a debug build of this PR's head (d2dd882):

`tls.connect({ socket: raw })`, the server sends `"banner"`	node v26.3.0	main (`4b5862f`)	this PR
`raw.bytesRead`, no `onread`	3055	2813	2813
`raw.bytesRead`, `raw` has an `onread` buffer	3055	0	2813
calls of the `onread` callback	0	0	0

The onread row is the loose end from node:net: count bytesRead on a socket built with the onread option #42304. node:net: fix tls.connect({ socket }) and onread on a readable: false socket #42265 returns early in the onread data handler for the wrapped socket, and that handler never counted, so main reports 0. This PR counts on the handle before any JS handler runs, so it needs no code change.
STARTTLS, both sides: the count right after the upgrade equals the count before it (client 12 and 12, server 2 and 2 in my probe), and it ends at 2821 and 1588. Bun 1.4.3, main and this PR print the same numbers. So the count that the raw half inherits works. It had no test.

#42373 has 4 tests for this: the wrapped socket with no reader, with readable: false and with an onread buffer, and both sides of a STARTTLS exchange. With this PR's src/ all 4 pass. With main's src/ the onread row fails with Expected: > 6, Received: 0.

I did not push here, because a CI run was in progress. If the tests are wanted inside this PR, cherry-pick a6cbad9. After this PR merges I rebase #42373 on main.

) Follow-up to #42304 (closed in favor of #42313). Stacked on #42313. Tests only. ### Problem - #42313 moves `bytesRead` to a counter on the native socket. Its TLS upgrade path has no test: the `raw` half of the `[raw, tls]` pair inherits the count of the handle it replaces. - On main one case of that path is wrong. A `net.Socket` with an `onread` buffer that `tls.connect({ socket })` wraps reports `bytesRead === 0`. Node v26.3.0 reports 3055, the TLS records. ### Fix - 4 tests in `test/js/node/tls/node-tls-upgrade.test.ts`. Three rows (`no reader`, `readable: false`, `an onread buffer`) check that the wrapped socket counts the TLS records: `tlsSocket.bytesRead` is 6, `raw.bytesRead` is greater. - One STARTTLS test checks both wrapped sockets. The count right after the upgrade equals the count before it (2 on the client, 8 on the server). Then it grows. - Verified on a debug build, expected values from node v26.3.0. With #42313's `src/` all 9 tests of the file pass. With main's `src/` (4b5862f) the `an onread buffer` row fails with `Expected: > 6, Received: 0`. ### Background - `tls.connect({ socket })` and `new tls.TLSSocket(socket, { isServer: true })` run TLS over an existing `net.Socket`. Bun's native `upgradeTLS` turns the TCP handle into a `[raw, tls]` pair over one fd. The wrapped socket keeps `raw`, which sees the ciphertext. - In node the upgrade keeps the handle, and the handle counts each read before `TLSWrap` consumes it. So `socket.bytesRead` goes on from its value before the upgrade. - `onread: { buffer, callback }` makes a socket read into `buffer` and call `callback(nread, buffer)`. <details><summary>Notes</summary> **Why a separate PR.** #42313 had a CI run in progress and no human review yet. A push there restarts the run. If the tests are wanted inside #42313, cherry-pick a6cbad9. **After #42313 merges** I rebase this branch on main, so that it holds the one test commit only. **Why the `onread` row is 0 on main.** The `data` handler that the `onread` option installs never added to `bytesRead` (#42304 was the JS fix for that). #42265 then added an early return for the wrapped socket to that handler, before the deliver loop. #42313 counts on the handle before any JS handler runs, so the row passes there. **Probe numbers** (`tls.connect({ socket: raw })`, the server sends `"banner"`): | | node v26.3.0 | main (4b5862f) | #42313 (d2dd882) | |---|---|---|---| | `raw.bytesRead`, no `onread` | 3055 | 2813 | 2813 | | `raw.bytesRead`, `raw` has `onread` | 3055 | 0 | 2813 | | calls of the `onread` callback | 0 | 0 | 0 | STARTTLS probe (plaintext `greeting\n`, `go`, `ok\n`, then TLS in both directions). Client `raw.bytesRead`: 12 before, 12 right after the upgrade, at the end 3027 in node and 2821 in bun. Server: 2, 2, then 1720 in node and 1588 in bun. Bun 1.4.3, main and #42313 print the same numbers for this probe. Node and bun differ in the size of the handshake, so the tests compare against the plaintext count and not against a fixed number. </details>

claude

Code review found no issues

No high-confidence issues detected in this change.

deliver() stopped after each callback when `socket.connecting` was set. That flag is also set while a connect() on a live socket waits for its lookup, and it stays set when connect() throws on a bad port. The old connection still delivers data in both cases, and every chunk lost all but its first slice. Stop only when connect() ran under the chunk that deliver() is slicing: dropOnreadTail() bumps an epoch, and deliver() compares it. kConnectDispatch() drops a tail that was declined after connect(), so a new native socket never starts with one. Also make the `bytesRead` getter enumerable, as node's protoGetter does (for...in listed it before), and point its comment at the right lines.

robobun · 2026-09-12T11:15:11Z

I pushed 78d96f9 after a review of the whole PR. It changes src/js/node/net.ts and node-net.test.ts only.

1. deliver() no longer keys on socket.connecting. The check after each onread callback was if (self.destroyed || self.connecting) return;. connecting is also set while a connect() on a live socket waits for its lookup, and it stays set when connect() throws on a bad port. The old connection still delivers data in both cases. Each chunk lost all but its first slice, and bytesRead counted the whole chunk.

4-byte onread buffer, the peer writes `DDDDEEEEFFFF` while a lookup is pending	callbacks
node v26.3.0	`DDDD` `EEEE` `FFFF`
bun 1.4.3	`DDDD` `EEEE` `FFFF`
this branch before the push	`DDDD`
this branch now	`DDDD` `EEEE` `FFFF`

dropOnreadTail() now bumps an epoch. deliver() stops when the epoch changed under the chunk it slices.
A callback that calls connect() still stops the rest of its chunk. The existing test keeps its AAAA, xyz sequence.
kConnectDispatch() also calls dropOnreadTail(). A tail that a callback declined after connect() cannot reach the new native socket. The old check gave that guarantee as a side effect, because it never parked a tail while connecting.
New test: onread: a chunk that arrives while connect() waits for its lookup is delivered whole.

2. The bytesRead getter is enumerable, as node's protoGetter defines it. for...in lists bytesRead on node and on bun 1.4.3. It did not on this branch. A new test pins the descriptor. The comment above the getter pointed at unrelated lines of lib/net.js. It now points at #L939-L950.

3. Test hardening. The server in a declined tail does not carry over to the next connection has an 'error' handler. The client destroys that connection with unread bytes.

Not changed: an onread callback that calls connect() still drops the rest of the chunk it was given (AAAA, then xyz). bun 1.4.3 delivered AAAA BBBB CCCC xyz there. Node has no equivalent, because its connect() on a live handle fails with EISCONN. If the 1.4.3 sequence is preferred, the change is to drop at the native swap only (kConnectDispatch) and not in connect().

Outside this PR:

node:net: socket.bytesWritten is 0 on a socket that a node:http2 session writes through #42465 is the write-side twin: bytesWritten and _bytesDispatched do not read the handle.
I left a note on tty: native TTY handle, ReadStream extends net.Socket #41495, net: support Socket({handle, manualStart}) with stream-wrap onread #29139 and net: deliver the onread option into the user's buffer, bounded and pausable #33382. Each adds a self.bytesRead += line to net.ts that throws on the new getter after a rebase.

claude

Code review found no issues

No high-confidence issues detected in this change.

robobun requested a review from alii as a code owner September 11, 2026 11:00

robobun mentioned this pull request Sep 11, 2026

node:http2: session.socket.bytesRead is always 0 #42302

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github-actions Bot added the claude label Sep 11, 2026

[autofix.ci] apply automated fixes

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