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usockets: read a parked socket before acting on its hangup - #44229

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@robobun

@robobun robobun commented Sep 29, 2026 •

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Problem

  • On Linux a TLS socket in the handshake queue gets close only when its peer's last flight, data and FIN arrive: 22 of 32 sockets in a burst lose 4096 bytes. No user reported it.
  • The EOF block of us_internal_dispatch_ready_poll (packages/bun-usockets/src/loop.c) closes a socket that epoll reports as hung up, unread: a TCP socket after shutdown(), or a unix socket whose peer closed. tls: consolidate the open TLS fixes (both engines, node:tls, node:https, WebSocket, SQL) #44618 covers the FIN that kqueue reports, not this hangup.

Fix

Background

  • uSockets reads 5 handshaking TLS sockets per loop iteration and parks the others in a queue, reads off.
  • epoll reports EPOLLHUP (both directions down) even for a socket that polls for nothing.
  • Considered a recv() == 0 check in the block: it leaves the socket open, and nothing wakes it.

Downsides

  • A deferred socket costs 3 more epoll_ctl calls and 1 recvfrom, and closes up to 5 iterations later. Other bursts have equal counts.
  • A peer reset still closes a queued socket unread: 22 of 32, as on main. Node reads all 32.
  • Size: loop.c object at release flags, 6160 B before and 6145 B after.
Notes

Where this comes from

A review of the EOF block for #44192 found it. #44192 is closed: #44618 took its content.

After #44618

Why the queue registers the socket and does not read it

A read from us_internal_handle_low_priority_sockets saves the epoll_ctl calls. It runs the JS callbacks of every deferred socket before the loop polls, and it is a branch for epoll only. The registration uses the dispatch that every other socket takes.

Bursts, debug builds of main (5f5799e) and of this PR, Linux x64

N Bun.connect clients of a TLS 1.2 server call shutdown() when their last flight left. A relay holds the server's last flight and 4096 bytes of data until the FIN of every client arrived. Then it delivers all of it, with a FIN, to every client in one tick.

N main This PR
10 10 get handshake, 4096 bytes, close same
11 10 as above, 1 gets close and 0 bytes 11 as above
32 10 as above, 22 get close and 0 bytes 32 as above
64 10 as above, 54 get close and 0 bytes 64 as above
32, TCP, no shutdown() 32 as above same
16, unix socket, no shutdown(), the relay closes 10 as above, 6 get handshake(false), close and 0 bytes 16 as above

1.4.2 gives the same counts as main. The limit of 10 is the budget of two loop iterations: the first reads 5 sockets and parks the others, the second takes 5 out of the queue. The hangup of the sockets that are still in the queue arrives in that second iteration.

The same happens to the accepted sockets of Bun.listen, and to the sockets of a tls.Server that call end(). On main such a server reports tlsClientError with socket hang up for a socket in the queue. With this PR and on Node v26.3.0 all 16 emit secureConnection and read their data.

Mechanism

  • The readable dispatch parks a handshaking socket when the budget of the iteration is spent: it switches the reads off and returns before the EOF block (loop.c, the low_prio_state gate).
  • A TCP socket that sent its FIN and got the peer's FIN has both directions down. A unix socket whose peer closed has both directions down with no shutdown() of its own. epoll reports EPOLLHUP for both, with the readable bit masked out, so the read loop does not run.
  • The EOF block defers such a hint for a paused socket, for a socket whose reads are on again, and since tls: consolidate the open TLS fixes (both engines, node:tls, node:https, WebSocket, SQL) #44618 for a socket in the queue when the hint is not a hangup. With a hangup, a socket that shut down takes the arm for "FIN after our FIN", and a socket that did not takes the arm that reports the end and closes.

Tests

Main (5f5799e) fails 8 of the 14 new tests: 6 of the bursts below, the node:tls burst and the fixture.

socket.test.ts, "in a burst of connections", 16 sockets per test (3 iterations of 5, and 1 more). The block is a describe.serial: the tests count what one loop iteration does.

  • 8 tests: Bun.connect clients or Bun.listen accepted sockets, TCP or unix socket, with or without shutdown(). The sockets stop reading until the relay delivered, then all read again in one tick. Each test expects that every socket reads all, and that no iteration closes more than 5 sockets, which shows that the queue held the burst. Two cases do not have that bound, see "Other platforms". On Linux the closes must take 4 iterations: 5, 5, 5, 1. On main 6 of the 8 fail with 10 complete sockets and closes of 5 and 11. The 2 TCP tests with no shutdown() are controls on Linux.
  • 4 tests: the peer resets the connection while sockets wait in the queue. Each socket must get one close call. They pass on main on Linux. They have no platform gate, because a deferred hangup on kqueue and libuv was not measured.
  • The unix socket tests skip Windows, where such a path is a named pipe.

Syscalls, burst of 32, whole process (gdb catch syscall, hits divided by 2), 3 runs each

Syscall main, shutdown() This PR, shutdown() main, no shutdown() This PR, no shutdown()
epoll_ctl 455 521 438 438
epoll_pwait2 43 48 47 47
recvfrom 298 320 373 373
shutdown 96 96 64 64
close 228 to 240 228 to 234 255 to 264 255 to 263

The 3 epoll_ctl calls per socket are the DEL when the hangup is deferred, the MOD of the queue that fails with ENOENT, and the ADD that follows it. The other rows are equal in every run. close changes from run to run on both builds. strace and perf are not installed on the test machine.

Size, loop.c compiled with the release flags and no LTO (nm -S, size -A)

main This PR
all .text sections of the object 6160 B 6145 B
us_internal_dispatch_ready_poll 3717 B 3612 B
us_internal_handle_low_priority_sockets 237 B 327 B

The new code is inside the block for an event that carries an EOF hint. An event with no hint runs the same instructions as before. Full release builds were run for the earlier version of this PR only: .text (58148853 B) and the stripped binary (80832072 B) were equal there.

The registration that fails

  • tls-parked-hangup-fixture.ts arms the poll_start fault once before the relay delivers. With this PR 15 sockets read all and 1 closes with ENOMEM. Without the close in us_internal_handle_low_priority_sockets the fixture hangs: nothing reports that socket again. On main the fixture prints 10 complete sockets and 6 with close only.
  • The close runs before the loop polls, after the loop picked the timeout of that poll. So the function calls us_wakeup_loop. Measured with the peers in a child process, 6 runs each on debug builds: a setImmediate from that close handler runs after 2.6 to 3.9 ms with the wake-up, and after 172 to 588 ms without it. No test covers the wake-up: another timer of the process always ends the wait, so only the delay shows it.
  • Only epoll can refuse: us_poll_change returns 0 on kqueue and libuv.

Other platforms

I ran Linux x64 (epoll) only. The macOS and Windows numbers below are from the CI lanes of this PR (x64 and aarch64 each) at e9fd452, before #44618. What main does there was not run. Since #44618 main defers the FIN of a queued socket on kqueue and libuv itself, so on those platforms this PR changes only the registration in the queue, which cannot fail there.

  • macOS, TCP sockets and unix sockets that shut down: no iteration closes more than 5 sockets, and every socket reads all. So the queue holds the burst on kqueue, and the sockets that wait in it read to the end with this PR. By reading, kqueue keeps a read knote for a socket with its reads off (kqueue_change, EV_CLEAR with NOTE_LOWAT) and reports the peer's FIN once with the readable bit masked out, also for a socket that did not shut down.
  • macOS, a unix socket that did not shut down and whose peer closed: all 16 close in one iteration, and every socket reads all. kqueue reports that close as an error to a socket that reads (the write-side EV_EOF in epoll_kqueue.c), and the error path has no queue. The test expects 16 there.
  • Windows, Bun.connect clients: no iteration closes more than 5 sockets, and every socket reads all. So the queue holds the burst on libuv too. By reading, libuv maps the AFD disconnect to the EOF hint for a socket that shut down, and arms it again on the next poll change, which the queue makes.
  • Windows, accepted sockets of Bun.listen: all 16 read all and close in one iteration, with and without shutdown(). I do not know the cause, and I cannot run Windows. The tests do not pin a number for that case, so on Windows they do not show the queue for accepted sockets.
  • The exact split (5, 5, 5, 1) is asserted on Linux only.

A peer reset, not in this PR

  • The error path does not read a socket in the queue (drain_for_error in loop.c), and the error close that follows reads SO_ERROR with no recv().
  • Burst of 32, the relay writes the held bytes and then resets: 10 sockets read 4096 bytes and 22 get close with ECONNRESET and 0 bytes, with and without shutdown(), on main (5f5799e) and with this PR. Node v26.3.0 reads 4096 bytes on all 32.
  • It needs no shutdown(), so it is the next PR. It is a change of the error path, not of the EOF block.
  • Two prototypes read all 32 on epoll. One reads the socket in the error dispatch: the gate for the handshake budget does not run when error is set, so a burst of resets then runs the handshake of each queued socket in one iteration. The other defers the reset until the queue hands the socket back: it keeps the budget, and it needs a second report of the error from each backend. That choice is the reason for a PR of its own (comment).

Sibling sites that this PR leaves as they are

  • loop.c, drain_for_error: the reset case above.
  • epoll_kqueue.c, the write-side EV_EOF of a unix socket on kqueue: it is treated as a hangup for a paused socket only. Not measured.
  • socket.c, us_internal_rearm_writable: it puts the readable poll back for a socket in the queue. The gate of the readable dispatch handles that case (the low_prio_state == 1 check).

Self-review

  • Addressed: tests for the unix socket reach and for a reset, the relation of the connection count to the budget, the closes per iteration, the wake-up after the close in the queue, and the corrections of this text.
  • Addressed: a hangup whose FIN the same dispatch read closes at once, as on main. The first form was a clause for the readable bit of the event. After the merge it is !read_fin in the arm of tls: consolidate the open TLS fixes (both engines, node:tls, node:https, WebSocket, SQL) #44618.
  • Rejected: a reword of the comment above drain_for_error on main. The PR for the reset case removes that exclusion, and it rewrites the comment then.
  • Rejected: a run of the new tests on the macOS and Windows lanes with no change in loop.c. It needs a push of a build without the fix.
  • Stated, not changed: epoll is the only backend that was run.
  • Not in this PR: on kqueue us_poll_change discards the result of kqueue_change, for every caller. A fix changes us_socket_resume for every kqueue user and needs a run on macOS.

Related

Suites, debug build with ASAN of the merge, --timeout 60000 because of the load of the test machine

  • test/js/node/tls/: 1190 pass, 5 fail. 4 of them need the public internet (tls.connect peer certificate and alpnProtocols, direct and through a Duplex). The fifth is reports the reset that arrives while the socket is paused as ECONNRESET, not 'end': it fails 1 of 3 runs on a build with main's loop.c too, and 0 of 3 with this PR when its file runs alone.
  • test/js/bun/net/: 430 pass, 2 fail. should not call drain before handshake needs DNS for www.example.com. active TCP socket wrapper survives GC until closed fails in the same run on a build with main's loop.c. That build fails 7 more: the tests of this PR.

no test proof · iteration 1 · platform-specific test(s) that do not run on this machine, deferring to CI, which covers all platforms: test/js/bun/net/socket.test.ts, test/js/bun/net/socket-syscall-fault.test.ts

A handshaking TLS socket that waits in the low-priority queue has its
reads off. When both directions of such a socket are down, the loop
closed it on the hangup event and discarded what the peer had sent.

The dispatcher now defers the hangup of a socket in the queue, like it
does for a paused socket. The queue registers the socket again and the
read loop reads to the end of the stream. A socket that the kernel
refuses at that point closes with the error.
A socket in the queue that this dispatch did read waits for the queue
too, like a paused socket.
@robobun

robobun commented Sep 29, 2026 •

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Status

How to reproduce, on main (5f5799e, after #44618) and on 1.4.2, Linux x64:

  • bun bd test test/js/bun/net/socket.test.ts -t "in a burst of connections" fails 6 of 12 tests. Of 16 sockets, 10 read what their peer sent and 6 get close with 0 bytes. The 6 are: TCP sockets that called shutdown(), and unix sockets with and without shutdown(), for Bun.connect and for Bun.listen.
  • The 2 TCP tests with no shutdown() and the 4 reset tests pass on main. They are controls on Linux.
  • bun bd test test/js/node/tls/node-tls-duplex-end-verify.test.ts -t "in a burst" fails: a server socket in the queue reports tlsClientError with socket hang up. node --test passes it.
  • bun bd test test/js/bun/net/socket-syscall-fault.test.ts -t "cannot register again" fails: 10 sockets read all and 6 get close only.

With this PR all of them pass.

Not in this PR: a peer reset still closes a socket in the queue unread (22 of 32, as on main). That is a change of the error path and the next PR.

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Walkthrough

The socket loop now handles readable-poll restoration failures and defers EOF for sockets parked in the low-priority queue. New TLS tests cover burst delivery and a poll-start ENOMEM failure.

Changes

TLS hangup handling

Layer / File(s) Summary
Low-priority polling and EOF handling
packages/bun-usockets/src/loop.c
The loop now raw-closes a socket when restoring readable polling fails. EOF deferral also accounts for sockets parked in the low-priority queue.
TLS burst delivery tests
test/js/bun/net/socket.test.ts, test/js/node/tls/node-tls-duplex-end-verify.test.ts
The tests cover TLS burst delivery of payload and FIN across client, accepted-socket, and proxied duplex cases.
Parked-socket poll failure test
test/js/bun/net/tls-parked-hangup-fixture.ts, test/js/bun/net/socket-syscall-fault.test.ts
The fixture injects a poll-start ENOMEM error. The Linux-only test checks the recorded socket outcomes.

Suggested reviewers: cirospaciari

Priority: ➖ Normal

Merge Risk: ⚪ Minimal · up to 9a340

The change preserves buffered TLS data for queued sockets and adds burst-delivery and poll-failure coverage. No concrete merge-blocking risk is evident in the inspected paths.

Pre-merge checks: Passed 4
Check name Status Explanation
Linked Issues check Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Title check Passed The title clearly and concisely describes the primary change: reading a parked socket before processing its hangup.
Description check Passed The description is detailed and directly addresses the problem, fix, scope, tradeoffs, platform behavior, and verification results. It does not use the exact template headings, but it provides the req…
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Actionable comments posted: 1


  • 🪄 Fix CodeRabbit comments on this PR
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Inline comments:
Review comments at @packages/bun-usockets/src/loop.c:
- Around line 359-364: Update the kqueue branch of us_poll_change to return the
result of kqueue_change instead of discarding it, so registration failures reach
the low-priority socket handler.

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Comment thread packages/bun-usockets/src/loop.c Resolved

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Nothing blocking. The comments below are optional suggestions. There is no need to push a fix for them before merging.

Beyond the inline finding, I also checked that on Linux a parked socket the dispatcher DELs from epoll cannot be stranded: us_internal_loop_pre drains the low-priority queue before every wait (epoll_kqueue.c:453/:485), and each re-added hung-up socket fires EPOLLHUP at once, so the remaining queue keeps getting ticked five at a time. The us_poll_change failure path in the queue handler closes the socket synchronously with the errno, matching us_socket_resume, and the ENOMEM fixture exercises it.

Extended reasoning...

The change is a ~10-line edit to the EOF arm of us_internal_dispatch_ready_poll and to us_internal_handle_low_priority_sockets in packages/bun-usockets/src/loop.c, plus four new tests and a fault-injection fixture. It touches the core event-loop hangup path for TLS sockets (no auth, crypto, or injection surface). One confirmed finding on the kqueue backend is posted inline, so a human look is already warranted; the note above records what else was traced on the epoll path.

Comment thread packages/bun-usockets/src/loop.c Resolved
…in the queue

A socket in the queue that this dispatch did read takes the eof at once,
as on main. The close of a socket that the kernel refuses runs its
handler after the caller picked the timeout of the tick, so the loop is
woken.
The sockets stop reading until the relay delivered, so every socket is
readable in one iteration on every backend. The tally now holds the closes
per iteration: 5, 5, 5, 1 shows that the queue held 11 of the 16 sockets.

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Nothing blocking. The comments below are optional suggestions. There is no need to push a fix for them before merging.

Beyond the inline finding, I also traced the !(events & LIBUS_SOCKET_READABLE) clause that 738afd1 added to reads_are_off in packages/bun-usockets/src/loop.c: when the budget is spent, the parking gate's break leaves the switch before the EOF block, so the clause only decides the budget-available path where the read loop already drained to recv()==0 — acting on that eof loses nothing. One note: the PR description's self-review still says that readable-bit clause "is gone", which no longer matches the code.

Extended reasoning...

The change touches the usockets EOF/hangup arm and the low-priority handshake queue in loop.c plus new burst tests; no security-sensitive surface. Examined the new clause added after the prior review and the close path in us_internal_handle_low_priority_sockets (socket is unlinked from the queue head before close_raw runs, so the loop's head-walk is unaffected).

Comment thread test/js/bun/net/socket.test.ts Resolved
The closes per iteration matched any array off Linux, so a burst that the
queue did not hold passed there. The bound holds for every split that the
queue can give. A unix socket on kqueue whose peer closed takes the error
path, which has no queue: that case expects all 16 in one iteration.

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Code review completed

Nothing new to post: everything this review found is already covered by existing comments on this pull request or didn't merit a separate one.

On the Windows lanes the 16 accepted sockets read all and close in one
iteration, with and without shutdown(). The clients there close 5 per
iteration, as on Linux and macOS. The cause is not known, so the bound
is not asserted for that case.

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Code review found no issues

No high-confidence issues detected in this change.

Conflict in us_internal_handle_low_priority_sockets (loop.c), with
#42351. The function keeps the early continue for a paused socket of
#42351. For every other socket it sets low_prio_state to 2 and then
makes the checked us_poll_change of this branch.
@robobun

robobun commented Sep 30, 2026

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Merged main into this branch (5e9e8c3)

#42351 merged to main at 22:09Z. It edits the same lines of us_internal_handle_low_priority_sockets, so this branch conflicted with main in one block of loop.c.

Tests on a debug build with ASAN of the merge, Linux x64:

  • socket-syscall-fault.test.ts: 11 pass, 0 fail. The file has the test of usockets: keep a socket paused when the TLS handshake queue drains it #42351 and the registration test of this PR.
  • socket.test.ts: 115 pass, 1 fail. The failure is should not call drain before handshake, which needs DNS for www.example.com. The 12 tests of "in a burst of connections" pass.
  • node-tls-duplex-end-verify.test.ts: 32 pass, 0 fail.

A socket that is paused, in the queue and hung up

The tests of the two PRs do not reach this state. The burst tests of this PR resume every socket before the loop parks it, and the fixture of #42351 has no hangup. So I ran a probe for it (the script is below).

  • 16 Bun.connect clients of a TLS 1.2 server call shutdown(). A relay delivers the last flight, the data and the FIN to all of them.
  • The loop reads 5 sockets and parks 11. The probe pauses the parked sockets, turns the loop 24 times, and resumes them.
  • The second column pauses one iteration later. By then the loop saw the hangup of the sockets that are still in the queue.

Three debug builds that differ in loop.c only. 3 runs per cell, and all runs of a cell are equal. "Complete" means handshake, the data and close.

loop.c Pause in the iteration that parks Pause one iteration later
main dc3660d (#42351 only) 15 complete, 1 gets close and 0 bytes 10 complete, 6 get close and 0 bytes, before the pause
9a34078 (this PR only) 16 complete, 11 of them while paused 16 complete, 6 of them while paused
The merge 16 complete, no callback while paused 16 complete, no callback while paused

With the merge, 6, 64 and 200 connections give the same result, and ASAN reports nothing. After resume() the closes take ceil(paused / 5) iterations, so the budget of the queue still holds.

The path with the merge:

  • The dispatcher defers the hangup of a paused socket in the queue, and the socket leaves epoll.
  • The queue hands a paused socket back with low_prio_state = 0 and does not register it. us_socket_resume registers it.
  • The readable dispatch then reads 5 sockets and parks the others again. The clause of this PR defers their hangup until the queue registers them.

Not run: macOS and Windows.

The probe

It imports harness, so it runs from test/js/bun/net/.

// Probe: a TLS socket that is paused AND parked in the low-priority handshake queue AND hung up.
//
//   BUN_FEATURE_FLAG_INTERNAL_FOR_TESTING=1 bun bd test/js/bun/net/probe.ts <pauseAfter: 1 | 2> [connections]
//
// CONNECTIONS Bun.connect clients of a TLS 1.2 server call shutdown() when their last handshake flight left. A relay
// holds the server's last flight, its data and its FIN until the FIN of every client arrived.
//   1. The clients pause. The relay delivers to all of them. Both directions of each socket are down now.
//   2. The clients resume in one tick. The next iteration reads BUDGET sockets and parks the others.
//   3. pauseAfter = 1: an immediate of that iteration pauses the parked sockets.
//      pauseAfter = 2: an immediate of the iteration after it pauses them. By then the loop saw the hangup of the
//      sockets that are still in the queue.
//   4. The loop turns long enough to drain the queue several times over. No handler may run for a paused socket.
//   5. The clients resume. Every socket must get its handshake, the data and its close.
import type { Socket } from "bun";
import { getEventLoopStats } from "bun:internal-for-testing";
import { tls as certs } from "harness";
import { once } from "node:events";
import net from "node:net";
import { createServer } from "node:tls";

const PAUSE_AFTER = Number(process.argv[2] ?? 1);
const CONNECTIONS = Number(process.argv[3] ?? 16);
// MAX_LOW_PRIO_SOCKETS_PER_LOOP_ITERATION in packages/bun-usockets/src/loop.c.
const BUDGET = 5;
const STEP_DEADLINE_MS = 60_000;

const iteration = () => getEventLoopStats().iteration;

type Observed = { events: string[]; paused: boolean; whilePaused: string[]; closed: boolean };
const clients: Socket<Observed>[] = [];

let done = false;
function fail(error: unknown) {
  // The teardown of the relay resets connections.
  if (done) return;
  console.error(error);
  process.exit(1);
}

function outcomes() {
  const result: Record<string, number> = {};
  for (const { data } of clients) {
    const outcome = data.events.join(", ") || "nothing";
    result[outcome] = (result[outcome] ?? 0) + 1;
  }
  return result;
}

async function until(step: string, cond: () => boolean) {
  const deadline = Date.now() + STEP_DEADLINE_MS;
  while (!cond()) {
    if (Date.now() > deadline) {
      console.log(JSON.stringify({ error: `timed out waiting for ${step}`, outcomes: outcomes() }));
      process.exit(1);
    }
    await new Promise(r => setImmediate(r));
  }
}
function afterIterations(n: number) {
  const target = iteration() + n;
  return until(`${n} loop iterations`, () => iteration() >= target);
}

const server = createServer({ ...certs, maxVersion: "TLSv1.2" }, socket => {
  socket.on("error", fail);
  socket.end("last words");
});
server.on("tlsClientError", fail);
await once(server.listen(0, "127.0.0.1"), "listening");

const deliveries: (() => Promise<void>)[] = [];
const relayed: net.Socket[] = [];
const serversEnded = Promise.withResolvers<void>();
const clientsEnded = Promise.withResolvers<void>();
let serverFins = 0;
let clientFins = 0;
const relay = net.createServer({ allowHalfOpen: true }, fromClient => {
  const toServer = net.connect({ port: (server.address() as net.AddressInfo).port, host: "127.0.0.1" });
  relayed.push(fromClient, toServer);
  // What the server sends after the client's second flight is its last flight.
  let sawServerHello = false;
  let holding = false;
  const held: Buffer[] = [];
  fromClient.on("data", data => {
    holding = sawServerHello;
    toServer.write(data);
  });
  toServer.on("data", data => {
    sawServerHello = true;
    if (holding) held.push(data);
    else fromClient.write(data);
  });
  toServer.on("end", () => ++serverFins === CONNECTIONS && serversEnded.resolve());
  fromClient.on("end", () => ++clientFins === CONNECTIONS && clientsEnded.resolve());
  fromClient.on("error", fail);
  toServer.on("error", fail);
  deliveries.push(() => new Promise<void>(written => fromClient.end(Buffer.concat(held), () => written())));
});
await once(relay.listen(0, "127.0.0.1"), "listening");

// A connection that the peer answers: what the relay wrote before it is in the receive buffers by the time it resolves.
async function roundTrip() {
  const echo = net.createServer(socket => socket.end("x"));
  await once(echo.listen(0, "127.0.0.1"), "listening");
  const socket = net.connect((echo.address() as net.AddressInfo).port, "127.0.0.1");
  await once(socket, "data");
  socket.destroy();
  echo.close();
}

function record(socket: Socket<Observed>, event: string) {
  socket.data.events.push(event);
  if (socket.data.paused) socket.data.whilePaused.push(event);
}

for (let i = 0; i < CONNECTIONS; i++) {
  clients.push(
    await Bun.connect<Observed>({
      hostname: "127.0.0.1",
      port: (relay.address() as net.AddressInfo).port,
      tls: { rejectUnauthorized: false },
      data: { events: [], paused: false, whilePaused: [], closed: false },
      socket: {
        open() {},
        handshake(socket, success) {
          record(socket, `handshake ${success}`);
        },
        data(socket, data) {
          record(socket, `data ${data}`);
        },
        close(socket, error) {
          record(socket, error ? `close ${(error as NodeJS.ErrnoException).code}` : "close");
          socket.data.closed = true;
        },
        error(_socket, error) {
          fail(error);
        },
      },
    }),
  );
}
const closedCount = () => clients.filter(client => client.data.closed).length;

// Step 1.
await serversEnded.promise;
for (const client of clients) {
  client.shutdown();
  client.pause();
}
await clientsEnded.promise;
await Promise.all(deliveries.map(deliver => deliver()));
await roundTrip();
const closedBeforeFirstResume = closedCount();

// Step 2.
for (const client of clients) client.resume();
// Immediates run after an iteration's dispatch: the first one that sees the counter advance runs with the budget
// spent and the other sockets parked.
await afterIterations(1);
const closedAfterOneIteration = closedCount();

// Step 3.
if (PAUSE_AFTER === 2) await afterIterations(1);
const closedBeforePause = closedCount();
let pausedCount = 0;
for (const client of clients) {
  if (client.data.closed) continue;
  client.pause();
  client.data.paused = true;
  pausedCount++;
}

// Step 4.
await afterIterations(4 * Math.ceil(CONNECTIONS / BUDGET) + 8);
const whilePaused: Record<string, number> = {};
for (const { data } of clients) {
  for (const event of data.whilePaused) {
    const kind = event.split(" ")[0];
    whilePaused[kind] = (whilePaused[kind] ?? 0) + 1;
  }
}
const closedWhilePaused = closedCount() - closedBeforePause;

// Step 5.
const resumedAt = iteration();
for (const client of clients) {
  if (!client.data.paused) continue;
  client.data.paused = false;
  client.resume();
}
await until("the close of every client", () => closedCount() === CONNECTIONS);

console.log(
  JSON.stringify({
    pauseAfter: PAUSE_AFTER,
    connections: CONNECTIONS,
    closedBeforeFirstResume,
    closedAfterOneIteration,
    closedBeforePause,
    paused: pausedCount,
    whilePaused,
    closedWhilePaused,
    iterationsAfterResume: iteration() - resumedAt,
    outcomes: outcomes(),
  }),
);

done = true;
for (const socket of relayed) socket.destroy();
relay.close();
server.close();

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Nothing blocking. The comments below are optional suggestions. There is no need to push a fix for them before merging.

Additional findings (outside the current diff — GitHub can't attach inline comments there):

  • 🟣 packages/bun-usockets/src/loop.c — pre-existing: a TLS socket waiting in the handshake queue still loses everything its peer sent before a reset, while the same bytes now survive a FIN or hangup. drain_for_error at packages/bun-usockets/src/loop.c:654 excludes low_prio_state == 1, so an EPOLLERR (or kqueue EV_EOF with fflags) on a parked socket skips the read loop and goes straight to the SO_ERROR close at loop.c:970-985. Fix: drain a queued socket on an error event too, the way the readable path already reads a state-1 socket when budget remains (loop.c:667), and only then close with the error; us_internal_socket_close_raw already unlinks a state-1 socket from the queue. The PR lists this as a downside (22 of 32 close unread, Node reads all 32) but does not close it.

    Why this was flagged

    A burst of more than MAX_LOW_PRIO_SOCKETS_PER_LOOP_ITERATION (5, loop.c:335) handshaking TLS peers send their last flight plus data and then reset (resetAndDestroy(), or a Linux close() with unread bytes in their own receive buffer, which sends RST). The sockets past the budget are parked at loop.c:699 with reads off. The reset arrives as EPOLLERR|EPOLLHUP; epoll_kqueue.c:271-277 dispatches it with error=1. At loop.c:654 drain_for_error is false because s->flags.low_prio_state == 1, so the read loop at loop.c:655 does not run, the low-prio gate at loop.c:664 is skipped (error set), and the socket reaches loop.c:970-985, which closes it with SO_ERROR without a single recv(). The kernel keeps the receive queue on a reset (loop.c:645-646), so the peer's flight and data were readable. The base branch does the same; this PR's new deferral at loop.c:898-899 only covers eof without error, so a FIN/hangup on a parked socket is now read to the end while a reset still discards the data. The PR description records this gap (22 of 32 close unread, Node reads all 32) as a downside rather than…

    Verification: pre-existing; acknowledged in diff: the PR description states "A peer reset still closes a socket in the queue unread: 22 of 32, as on main. Node reads all 32." and the new RST tests at test/js/bun/net/socket.test.ts:4379-4382 say "Which sockets read what their peer sent before the reset is not pinned" — the stated bound (same as main) is accurate, but it is the author flagging the sibling…

@robobun

robobun commented Sep 30, 2026

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About the reset case in the last review: it stays out of this PR, because the change needs a choice that I do not want to make inside this diff.

  • Read the queued socket in the error dispatch. A prototype that takes the socket out of the queue in that dispatch reads all 32 sockets on epoll. The gate for the handshake budget does not run when error is set, so a burst of resets then runs the handshake of each queued socket in one iteration. Today those sockets close with no handshake work.
  • Defer the reset until the queue hands the socket back. A prototype also reads all 32 on epoll, and it keeps the budget. It needs a second report of the error from each backend, and only epoll was run.

The tests for the follow-up are here already. The 4 reset tests expect one close call per socket and do not pin which sockets read their data, so that PR can change them to "every socket reads all".

@robobun

robobun commented Oct 1, 2026 •

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This change also repairs a test that is red on main: test/js/web/fetch/fetch.tls.test.ts, "tls.serverName in IP shorthand > tls.connect sends the name as well". It fails with read ECONNRESET on the macOS x64 lane: 4 of 4 attempts in build 122366, and one attempt each in builds 122168, 122287, 122288 and 122353.

The cause is the EOF block that this PR changes, on kqueue:

  • The client calls socket.end(request) when secureConnect fires. Its Finished, the request, the close_notify and the FIN reach the server together.
  • The file is describe.concurrent, and 14 fetch() rows use the same tls.Server at that moment. The server socket of that client is parked on this read: traced on Linux with --max-concurrency 20 (the release default), the budget is 0 at its gate in 6 of 6 runs.
  • Since usockets: report a peer reset on a paused socket on kqueue #39610 the read knote of a parked socket reports that FIN with the readable bit masked out. The socket did not shut down, so the block takes the half-open arm. us_internal_ssl_on_end fails the handshake and closes the socket with those bytes unread, and that close resets the connection.
  • In the traced runs the socket was the last one parked, so the next drain took it out in time. With 5 more sockets parked behind it in that iteration it stays in the queue and gets the FIN event. All five builds ran on the bare-metal macOS x64 hosts, where test(worker-terminate-lifetime): exit the fetch-teardown fixture on its condition, not on a clock #40781 measured slow loopback connects late in the uptime day.

I checked the clause on Linux with the kqueue report emulated on epoll (EPOLLRDHUP, edge-triggered, for a socket with its reads off). A fixture of 32 TLS clients that write and call shutdown() in their handshake callback gives 10 replies and 22 resets on main. It gives 32 replies with low_prio_state == 1 && !(events & LIBUS_SOCKET_READABLE) in the deferral.

The fixture and its test are on robobun/b5f5e325/kqueue-parked-socket-eof (test files only, not run on macOS), in case they are useful here. I did not open a PR for a loop.c change: it would be a subset of this one.

#44618 is in main. Its arm in the EOF block defers the FIN of a socket in
the low-priority queue, which covers kqueue and libuv. This branch now
extends that arm to the hangup that epoll reports, and keeps the checked
registration in us_internal_handle_low_priority_sockets.

Conflicts: the imports of socket.test.ts and the end of
node-tls-duplex-end-verify.test.ts, where both sides added tests. The
burst tests move out of the describe that main made concurrent, because
they count what one loop iteration does.
@robobun

robobun commented Oct 15, 2026 •

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Updated 9:55 PM PT - Oct 16th, 2026

✅ @robobun, your commit 70e3ce216d4ccedeea1f775a4fdfc9c61ff6ecae passed in Build #126960! 🎉


🧪   To try this PR locally:

bunx bun-pr 44229

That installs a local version of the PR into your bun-44229 executable, so you can run:

bun-44229 --bun

@robobun

robobun commented Oct 15, 2026 •

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Merged main into this branch (0d49cdf), after #44618

#44618 added an arm to the EOF block of loop.c for a socket in the low-priority queue. It defers the FIN that the read knote of kqueue or libuv reports. It has !hangup, so the hangup that epoll reports still ends the socket unread.

Tests on two debug builds with ASAN that differ in loop.c only, Linux x64:

main's loop.c This branch
"in a burst of connections" (12) 6 fail 12 pass
node-tls-duplex-end-verify.test.ts, "in a burst" fails with tlsClientError, socket hang up passes
socket-syscall-fault.test.ts, the registration test fails: 10 complete, 6 close passes
test/js/bun/net/ 423 pass, 9 fail 430 pass, 2 fail
test/js/node/tls/ not run as a whole 1190 pass, 5 fail

The 2 and the 5 are not from this PR. The description names each of them under "Suites".

A socket that is paused, in the queue and hung up (the probe of the comment above, run again): 16 of 16 complete with this branch and no callback while paused. With main's loop.c: 15 of 16, or 10 of 16 when the pause comes one iteration later.

Not run: macOS and Windows.

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Nothing blocking. The comments below are optional suggestions. There is no need to push a fix for them before merging.

Comment thread packages/bun-usockets/src/loop.c Resolved
The arm for a socket in the queue deferred every hangup. A socket that
this dispatch read to the end of its peer's stream has nothing unread,
and main closes it in the same dispatch. Keep that.

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I reviewed the latest push (70e3ce2 on top of the merge with main) and found no bugs; the !read_fin clause in the parked-socket arm restores the immediate close for a hangup whose FIN this dispatch read, which was the one point still open from my last pass. Because this changes the eof-deferral logic of us_internal_dispatch_ready_poll and the hand-back path of the handshake queue in uSockets, a human look would still be worthwhile.

What was reviewed:

  • The epoll DEL/re-ADD round trip: us_poll_stop plus the poll_type reset in loop.c:924-926, then us_poll_change in the queue handler hitting the ENOENT-to-us_poll_start_rc fallback; a refused ADD closes through us_internal_socket_close_raw with low_prio_state already 2, so the close unlinks from the group (not the queue) and the late DEL's ENOENT is ignored.
  • kqueue and libuv: LIBUS_POLL_HANGUP is only produced by the epoll backend, so hangup is 0 there and the parked arm keeps the #44618 behavior; the new return-value check is inert on those backends since their us_poll_change always returns 0.
  • Tests: every failure event (error, tlsClientError) is wired to the step() race, the fixture asserts signalCode: null and an exact outcome split, and resources are released via using/finally before the assertions.
Extended reasoning...

The change is +22/-6 in packages/bun-usockets/src/loop.c (the eof-deferral branch of the readable dispatcher and the low-priority queue's hand-back), plus 12 new serial burst tests in socket.test.ts, one node:tls burst test, and a Linux-only fault-injection fixture. It touches no auth, crypto or parsing surface; the sensitive part is event-loop registration state for TLS sockets, where a mistake would show as a deaf socket or a double close rather than a security issue. The hunt ran dry with no findings, and the only commit since the last review addresses the prior inline nit, but the dispatcher is core, platform-gated C code that the guidelines say should not be approved without a human look.

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