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node:dgram: run 'message' in the async context of createSocket() - #47609

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node:dgram: run 'message' in the async context of createSocket()#47609
robobun wants to merge 13 commits into
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robobun/ddeb441b/dgram-handle-async-context

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@robobun robobun commented Nov 1, 2026 •
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Merge before #47544. It needs no other PR.

Problem

  • A node:dgram 'message' listener reads the AsyncLocalStorage store of the call that binds. Node.js reads that of createSocket().
  • Bun.udpSocket() stores its handlers with the async context of its call (src/runtime/socket/udp_socket.rs:455). node:dgram calls it in bind() (src/js/node/dgram.ts:914).

Fix

  • bind() opens the native socket in the async context of createSocket(), except a cluster worker's shared bind. A queued send() with a callback keeps its context.
  • Node.js makes the handle in createSocket(), swaps it for a shared bind, and makes the request in send() (lib/dgram.js 143, 213, 738).
  • Verified: async-context-dgram-createSocket.js (Bun and Node.js), dgram.test.ts, two module-graph files. 17 tests fail on main. 458 test files, 1,518 Node.js tests.
  • Self-reviewed: 23 concerns raised, 21 addressed. Notes name the others.

Background

Downsides

  • 'message' now reads the store of createSocket(), not bind(). Inside a Bun.ModuleGraph it still reads bind().
  • A socket keeps the context of createSocket() until close(). One made in a mock.module() factory keeps the mock (40 test files: 77.0 MB, main 0.6).
  • A queued send() with a callback inside a store: 2% to 18% more time. .bun_builtins +2,219 bytes.
Notes

What runs where. test/js/node/async_hooks/async-context/async-context-dgram-createSocket.js makes a socket in six layouts and notes the store of each callback. AsyncLocalStorage-tracking.test.ts runs it under Bun and under Node.js on every run. Node.js v26.3.0 passes it with both of its AsyncLocalStorage implementations. The store that 'message' runs in:

layout Node.js, this PR main
createSocket() in no store, bind() inside a store none bind()
createSocket() in no store, send() binds inside a store none send()
createSocket() in no store, connect() binds inside a store none connect()
createSocket() inside a store, bind() in none createSocket() none
createSocket() and send() each inside a store of its own createSocket() send()
createSocket() inside a store, a bind() that fails, a second bind() inside another store createSocket() second bind()

The second row is the common one: a socket that is made at startup and bound by the first send() of a request. On main every later 'message' runs in the store of that request.

The script checks 'listening', 'connect', 'close', and the bind(), connect() and send() callbacks too. They run in the store of the call that caused them, in Node.js, on main and here. Only what the handle delivers moves: 'message' and a receive error.

A receive error. A connected socket that sends to a port nobody holds gets 'error' with recvmsg ECONNREFUSED. Node.js and this PR run that listener in the store of createSocket(). Main runs it in the store of bind(). The two new ICMP tests have three layouts each. All four ICMP tests take the dead port after the socket under test is bound. Taken before, the dead port can become the port of that socket, and then nothing refuses its datagrams. A review saw 3 of 14,400 runs of the two new tests wait for that until the time limit.

A cluster worker. A bind that goes through the primary gives the socket the handle that the primary sent: Node.js swaps it in with replaceHandle(). The store of createSocket() is not that handle's.

bind of a worker Node.js v26.3.0 main this PR
shared (the default) none none none
bind({ fd }) of a descriptor of the primary none none none
exclusive: true createSocket() bind() createSocket()

Queued sends. The callback of a send() that waited behind backpressure is called from the socket's drain, or from close(). On main it reads the store of that drain, which is the store of bind(), or the store of close(). With the handle's context moved, it would read the store of createSocket(). Node.js makes the send request inside send() and completes it in that async context. A table keeps the frame of a send() that has a callback, by its request. The tick that calls the callback is queued inside that frame, so what the callback throws is reported in it too:

the send() Node.js (--test-udp-no-try-send), this PR main
made in a store that store the store of the drain or of close()
made in no store, completed from inside a store none the store of the drain or of close()
its callback throws: an 'uncaughtException' listener the store of the send() the store of the drain

The tests force the queue as their two neighbours in dgram.test.ts do, because loopback does not fill a send buffer.

The entry of a request leaves the table when the request completes. Before this head the table grew until a collection: with 2,000 requests queued it is 65,736 bytes, and after their drain it is 200 bytes (65,736 before). dgram.test.ts has that test.

Time for each queued request with a callback, release builds, one core, medians of five interleaved runs. Inside a store, with 50 requests for each drain: 688 ns (main 581, so 18% more). With 2,000 requests: 470 ns (main 460, so 2% more). The machine was shared, and a second set of runs gave 12% and 16% more. With no store the time is main's (415 ns, main 418). The head before this one took 21% and 46% more in the first set.

The frame is not a field of the queue entry: the section on ahead-of-time builds says why. A queued send() with no callback keeps no frame. An earlier push kept one for every entry, so the queue of a socket of the host's kept a disposed graph whose script had sent. module-graph-gc.test.ts has the test: it fails on that push and passes on main and here. A send() that is made before the bind is replayed in the store of the call that bound, in Node.js v26.3.0, on main and here (probe: three sends in three stores, all three callbacks read the store of the first).

What an 'uncaughtException' listener reads when a 'message' listener throws. Not the subject of this PR. Main reports that throw after it has left the handlers: #47544 reports inside the callback's context, and #34661 catches in the data handler. With this PR alone the cell follows the handlers: they are stored bare when createSocket() ran in no async context, and before that was so when bind() ran in none. Of 10 cells (5 layouts, a plain throw and a throw after enterWith()), 6 equal Node.js (main: 5). Two enterWith() cells change to the value of Node.js. One changes away: createSocket() inside a store, bind() in none, enterWith("entered") and then a throw reads undefined (Node.js and main: entered).

Bun.ModuleGraph. Where a graph is involved, what 'message' reads does not change. There are two reasons. Bun.udpSocket() takes the graph that owns the socket from the async context, so the binder must stay the owner. And a context that has a frame of a graph in it keeps that graph alive, so a handle must not keep one. The rule in dgram.ts:

  • createSocket() keeps its context only when no frame of a graph is in it (hasFrameOfModuleGraph()).
  • bind() enters the kept context only when its own caller is not inside a graph.
  • In every other case bind() opens the socket in its own context, as on main.
the socket is 'message' reads 'message' runs in closed by the dispose() of
made and bound in one graph bind() that graph that graph
made in one graph, bound in another bind() the binder the binder
made in a graph, bound by the host bind() the host nobody
made by the host, bound in a graph bind() the graph the graph

Every row is what main does (module-graph-io.test.ts). #46528 has the same rule for the listeners of a node:http2 session when the caller is in another graph (src/js/node/http2.ts:1978 at its head). bun test --isolate=modules runs each test file inside a graph, so there 'message' reads the store of bind() too. dgram.test.ts has a row for each mode: no flag and --isolate read createSocket(), --isolate=modules reads bind().

The first review of this change asked for a wider rule: enter the kept context when the graph of createSocket() is the graph of bind(). A handle that keeps such a context keeps its graph, also when the socket is never bound. So the rule here is narrower. #47701 (a draft on top of this PR) has the wider rule for a socket that one graph makes and binds, with the graph as a weak key of its table. It is not part of this PR.

hasFrameOfModuleGraph() is for node:dgram alone. It stands in for the rule that src/jsc/bindings/ModuleGraph.h:207 writes for something long-lived that saves a context: keep the stores and not the frames of graphs. WebSocket does that in native code since #45223. A saved frame that decides which graph runs later work may keep that graph: a node:http2 session, a ClientRequest, an http.Agent, a Bun.SQL pool, the callback of a ws send, and the queued send() here. A frame that is kept only for its stores must not: a WebSocket, and the handle here. Three closed pull requests kept the graph beside the stores (#43151, #43777, #43919). This PR does not wait for that.

A queued send() completes in the graph and the store of its own call, whoever owns the socket. It is the rule that the callback of a ws send has since #46390 (runWaitingCallback in src/js/thirdparty/ws.ts). The callback of a graph that is disposed before the socket drains is called one time inside that graph, and what it starts there does not start. On main it runs as the host, and its timers fire.

So the queue keeps the graph of a send() that has a callback, until the callback has run. 20 graphs each queue one send() on a socket of the host's and are disposed. ModuleGraph cells alive while the sends wait:

the queued send() main this PR
a callback of the host's, sent by the graph's module 3 22
the same, sent by a function of the host's that the graph's script calls 1 20
the same, sent by a listener of the host's that the graph's script dispatches to 1 20
no callback 1 1

After close() every row is as on main. module-graph-gc.test.ts has a test for a callback and one for no callback. A ws send keeps its graph in the same way on main.

Which sockets keep a graph when the host holds the socket (module-graph-gc.test.ts, decided from a heap snapshot):

socket main this PR
made in the graph, never bound, graph disposed freed freed
made in the graph, a bind by the host failed freed freed
made in the graph, never bound, graph dropped with no dispose() freed freed
made in the graph, bound by the host freed freed
made in the graph, bound by the graph kept until the host's close() the same
made in the graph in a store whose value holds a function of the graph, never bound freed freed
made by the host in a listener that the graph's script calls, never bound freed freed
the same, bound by the host later freed freed
made by the host before, bound in such a listener kept until close() freed

The last row fails on main: a listener of the host's that a graph's script calls runs as the host, in a context that still holds the graph, and main opens the socket in it. 100 graphs of 800 KB, one unbound socket each, held by the host, graphs disposed: 2 ModuleGraph cells alive and 3.2 KB of heap for each graph (main 2 and 3.0 KB). 40 test files under bun test --isolate=modules that each leave one unbound socket on process: 11 ModuleGraph cells, as on main.

Heads of this PR before a703962 kept the whole context of createSocket(), also one with a frame of a graph in it. They read createSocket() in the first row of the first table, and they kept the graph in rows 1, 2, 3, 7 and 8 of the second one (102 cells and 784.8 KB for each graph in the probe above). The guard removes that.

What the handle and the queue keep outside a graph. Node.js keeps the store of createSocket() for the life of the handle. Here:

  • An unbound socket keeps the store of createSocket() until close(), or until nothing holds the socket. A bind that fails changes nothing.
  • A socket that the host binds opens in that context, so it keeps the store while it is open. A socket that another owner binds (a graph's script, a cluster worker's shared bind) opens in the context of bind(), and the handle lets the store go when the bind succeeds.
  • A queued send() with a callback keeps the store of its call until the callback has run.

Four heap tests hold this (dgram.test.ts, module-graph-gc.test.ts), and each fails on main: main keeps none of these stores, and an open socket keeps the store of bind(). With the delete in the success arm of the bind removed, the test of the graph's bind fails.

A mock.module() factory. bun test runs a factory in an async context that has a frame of the mock in it (JSModuleMock::callFactory, src/jsc/bindings/BunPlugin.cpp:1283, from #44833, which no release has yet). That frame is not a graph's. So a socket that is made while a factory runs keeps it, and with it the mock and what the factory holds. Under plain bun test, ModuleMock cells and heap at the last file:

layout main this PR
40 files, a socket made in the factory and left open 0, 0.6 MB 40, 77.0 MB
20 files, made in the factory, bound later by the test 0, 0.7 MB 20, 38.9 MB
40 tests with jest.resetModules() and jest.doMock(x, () => ({ ...jest.requireActual(x) })), where x loads a module that makes a hot-shots 18.0.0 client 0, 4.0 MB 40, 46.7 MB
the same without resetModules() 0, 1.3 MB 1, 3.3 MB
20 files, an async factory with await importOriginal() 0, 0.6 MB 0, 0.6 MB
40 files, a WebSocket made in the factory 40, 76.7 MB 40, 76.7 MB

The third row has no node:dgram in a test file: the client makes the socket. With --isolate=modules the check for a graph's frame applies, and the first row equals main. A review counted 12 more kinds of object that keep the mock on main when a factory makes them (a timer, a node:net server, a bound node:dgram socket and others). I ran the WebSocket row.

This PR adds no rule for mocks to dgram.ts. Such a rule frees one kind of object of many, and it makes 'message' read the store of bind() for a socket that a factory made. The place to end this is the frame: it can hold the mock weakly. That is a change of BunPlugin.cpp, and no tracking issue exists for it. If you want a check in dgram.ts before that, say so.

The same kind, not in this PR. Nine fixtures of the same shape, one for each kind of object. Each exits 0 under Node.js v26.3.0 and fails on main and here:

object what runs in another store than in Node.js open pull request
node:net client socket with a custom lookup 'data', 'end', 'close': the store of the lookup's answer, not of connect() none found
node:net socket that a server accepted 'data', 'end', 'close': the store of listen(), not none none found
node:net write() that waited its callback and 'drain': the store of connect(), not of write() #46141
node:http2 server stream 'data', 'end': the store of listen(), not none none found
child_process stdio 'data', 'end', 'close' of stdout: none, not the store of spawn() none found
process.stdin 'data', 'end': the store of on('data'), not of the first read of process.stdin none found
process signal listener none, not the store of process.on() #33069
MessagePort, BroadcastChannel 'message', 'close': none, not the store of the constructor #45024
fs.watch() 'close': the store of fs.watch(), not of close() none found

Each is a change of its own module. net.ts is changed by #46141, #46513 and #46522, so its rows are left to them or to a PR after them. A review of this PR ran more fixtures and counted 21 sites. Those not in the table: the 'online', 'message' and 'exit' events of a Worker (#42593), AbortSignal.timeout(), new ChildProcess() followed by spawn(), 'close' of a node:net socket after destroy(), and two cells of tls.connect({ socket }). I did not run those. Other open pull requests for sites of this kind: #46036, #46370, #46463. #32805 is closed. No tracking issue exists for the class.

Other open pull requests.

Measurements (linux x64, release builds of main 3bf1a06469d and of this head, which has that main merged in).

  • Size (size -A): .bun_builtins +2,219 bytes. .text and .rodata do not change. The file is one page larger (+4,096 bytes).
  • For each createSocket(), bind() and close(), counted with gdb breakpoints, JIT off (main / this PR). No AsyncLocalStorage and no graph: WeakMap calls 0 / 2, scope objects made 10 / 11, host calls into ModuleGraph.cpp 0 / 0. Made and bound in one store: WeakMap calls 0 / 3, host calls 0 / 1. Made at startup, bound in a request store: WeakMap calls 0 / 2, host calls 0 / 1, argument arrays 6 / 6. Made in one store, bound in another: host calls 0 / 2. Made and bound in one graph: WeakMap calls 0 / 3, host calls 0 / 1, and 0 / 2 inside a store.
  • The host calls. createSocket() inside a context asks for each frame of that context whether it is a graph's (graphOf()), and stops at the first yes. It asks about each frame alone. Before this head it asked with the frame's own chain, and graphOf() walks that chain once a graph exists in the realm. createSocket() inside 100 stores took 49.25 µs after one graph was made (main 0.79 µs). It takes 2.07 µs now, and 1.77 µs inside 50 stores (main 0.75). With no graph ever made: 1.64 µs inside 100 stores (main 0.64). Medians of five interleaved runs on one core. A bind() from another context than the kept one asks one time for the caller's graph (currentGraph()). The helper module loads one time for either.
  • The arm that deletes the table entry when a bind succeeds captures the handle. So each bind makes one more scope object, and a bound socket keeps it (3, main 2, heapStats() over 3,000 sockets).
  • A queued send() that has a callback: one read of the async context, one WeakMap write when there is one, and one WeakMap read, one delete and one compare when it completes. The section on queued sends has the time. With no callback: nothing. For a datagram that the kernel takes at once: nothing.
  • A program without AsyncLocalStorage and Bun.ModuleGraph never loads internal/async_context_frame (gdb: 15 internal modules load, as on main). Loading node:dgram allocates 2,051 cells (main 2,018, the median of ten runs).
  • Bytecode: startBunSocket() is 77 instructions, 427 bytes (main 49 and 263). newHandle() is 93 instructions, 517 bytes (main 73 and 409). hasFrameOfModuleGraph() is 30 instructions, 131 bytes.

Ahead-of-time builds. bun build --compile --aot compiles a program together with the built-in JS that it can reach. Two effects of this PR on such a build were found after the first pushes, and both are removed.

The types of stores. bun check --aot --explain counts the property reads that compile to one load. The program reads a class instance through getStore(). An earlier head (2ce33fe7456) kept the frame of a queued send() in a field of the queue entry:

the program also main that head this head
makes a socket 5 of 6 5 of 6 5 of 6
makes a socket inside the store 5 of 6 not run 5 of 6
spawns a child 5 of 6 1 of 8 5 of 6
binds a socket 5 of 7 1 of 9 5 of 7
makes a socket in one store and binds it in another 5 of 7 not run 5 of 7

With a frame in a field of a plain object, the compiler took every store of the program to be used by code it cannot see. node:child_process reaches bind() for a socket that a child receives, so a program that only spawns a child lost its store types too. A --trim build then kept Intl.Collator for a method of the store class that nothing calls. The frame is in a WeakMap by request now. test/aot/a-saved-async-context-keeps-no-method-of-a-store-that-nothing-calls.test.ts has the test: a program that binds and sends, and one that spawns a child, must each report "removed Intl.Collator". It fails on that head and passes on main and here. It was in dgram.test.ts before this head, where it ran on every lane and took that file from 0.5 s to 2.5 s. The check for a graph's frame in createSocket() reads the frames of the context. The second and the last row are for it.

The share of equal functions. test/aot/servers/a-test-run-compiles-what-an-executable-compiles.test.ts compiles a fastify server two times, as an executable and as a test run, and counts the functions that get the same bytes. Its floor is 58%. The first pushes swapped the frame through AsyncContextFrame.run(), and the test failed at 56%. A review found that run() does not fail the test at this head, and asked for it at both sites. I built that. The same server with one more import at its top, on release builds of this head:

one more import main the swap in place, as pushed run() at both sites
none (the test) 64% (3,012 of 4,693) 64% (3,008) 64% (3,020)
node:dgram 64% (3,012) 64% (3,008) 64% (3,020)
node:child_process 65% (3,062) 65% (3,058) 55% (2,617)
node:zlib 56% (2,663) 57% (2,712) 57% (2,698)
node:cluster 64% (3,040 of 4,700) 58% (2,746) 55% (2,617)

With run() a server that imports node:child_process loses 10 points. So the swap stays in place at both sites, and the comment in dgram.ts gives that reason. createGlobalAgent() in src/js/ahead-of-time/node/_http_agent.ts swaps the frame in place in the same way. The node:cluster row falls with this PR in either form. I did not find the cause in the compiler. The test does not import node:cluster, so it does not fail. All 21 files of test/aot/servers passed at an earlier head, as on main.

Suites.

  • Release build of this head: 458 *.test.* files under test/js/node/{async_hooks,crypto,http,http2,dgram,watch,zlib,timers,events,net,child_process,process,cluster,worker_threads,domain}, test/js/web/{timers,workers} and test/js/bun/{module-graph,test,udp,websocket,net,spawn,cron,terminal,http}. 450 pass. The other 8 fail the same tests on main (3bf1a06469d) in this container.
  • Release build of this head: 1,518 vendored Node.js tests, test-dgram-* and test-cluster-dgram-* among them. The same result as main: 1,513 exit 0, and the same 5 do not.
  • Debug build (ASAN) of this head: the five changed test files pass (226 tests). On the release build they pass in 5 of 5 runs, and module-graph-io.test.ts runs all 31 of its tests (48 expect() calls). 17 of the tests fail on main.
  • Ahead-of-time builds, release build of this head: the 1,852 tests of test/aot/engine-tests, test/aot/builtins/differential.test.ts (6,557 tests), the test of the share above, and the program test/aot/parallel/library-modules/get-store-in-a-loop-looks-up-no-name.mjs pass.
  • The built-in modules pass the type check of CI (bun src/codegen/check-types-of-modules.ts), apart from 3 errors of this container that main has too.
  • The check for a graph's frame was removed, which is the head before a703962, and three tests failed: the GC rows, the four ownership rows, and the --isolate=modules row. The other conditions in dgram.ts were each removed in turn at b435377e9b8, and a test that is still here failed each time: the shared-bind exception, the frame of a queued send, the tick inside that frame, the frame kept after a failed bind, the callback condition of a queued send. The delete when a bind succeeds was removed at this head, and the heap test of a graph's bind failed.
  • macOS and Windows: CI ran the test files of this head on every lane (build 137388), and none of them failed. The cluster tests, bind({ fd }) and the ICMP tests are skipped on Windows, as their neighbours are.
  • module-graph-io.test.ts: bun test starts a test in the context of the callback that finished the test before it. When that context is of a disposed graph, the callback of the next test is not called and the test counts as passed. That is so on main, and no tracking issue exists for it. The layouts of this PR leave the callback of a graph's socket before they dispose the graph.

Self-review. Three reviews. The first read a draft that was a commit inside #47544. The third read a follow-up commit on this PR and asked for it to be its own pull requests: #47696 and #47701. What they found, and what this PR does about it:

  • The change is a node:dgram change of its own. It is this PR.
  • The draft entered the frame for a cluster worker's shared bind too. Excluded, with a fixture of three binds.
  • Queued send callbacks moved off the store of their send(). A table keeps the frame of each.
  • The draft kept the frame on the object that socket._handle returns. It is in a WeakMap now, read through captured WeakMap.prototype functions, and deleted when a bind succeeds.
  • A graph test decided "closed" by address() throwing, which only happens on POSIX. It reads the native socket's closed flag.
  • Only 'message' and a receive error move, and nothing pinned the other events. The fixture checks them, under Node.js too.
  • A second draft completed a queued send() of another graph in the socket's context. That is against the rule of ws: keep the async context of the call beside each waiting send callback #46390. Removed: the callback runs in the graph of its own call. Tests cover a send of the host on a graph's socket, a send of a graph on the host's socket, and a sender that is disposed.
  • Nothing pinned a send() made in no store, a throwing queued callback, a bind after a failed bind, or the graphs that are kept. Each has a test.
  • The two existing ICMP tests had been changed. They are main's text again, with two new tests beside them.
  • A delete in close() that no test could see is gone.
  • The GC test asserted that an unbound socket keeps its graph. It asserts now that such a socket frees it, and it has a row that fails on main.
  • The tests that wait for a bind or a connect did not reject on a failure. They do now.
  • "I did not measure other modules" is replaced by the nine rows above.

Found by the reviews on this PR after that, and done: a connect() with a callback hands a failure to the callback (two tests waited for 'error'), a socket error after 'listening' rejects the wait for 'message', a queued send() with no callback keeps no frame, the setup of the queued send test is inside its try, and the two module-graph test files and the cluster fixture import bun:internal-for-testing at module scope. Not done: one helper for the two frame swaps (the table above), and the 40_000 of the cluster test (the third test of that describe has it on main).

The reviews of #47701 found three more things about this PR, and all are done. An ahead-of-time build lost the types of stores in programs that can reach send() or bind(): the frame of a queued send() is in a table now. An unbound socket kept the graph that made it, and the fix for that was in #47701, behind a question about new helper methods. This PR has its own fix now (a703962), a check in dgram.ts with no helper, so it merges alone.

A fourth review read this PR at eb6fb71. Its verdict: merge after changes to the text, to the tests and to three lines of code. Of its 23 concerns:

  • Done in code: hasFrameOfModuleGraph() asks about each frame alone, so it is one pass. The entry of a queued send() leaves its table when the request completes.
  • Done in tests: the four heap tests, the test of the table after a drain, and the test of the graph that a queued send() keeps. The four ICMP tests take the dead port after the bind. The ahead-of-time test is in test/aot. The layouts leave a graph's callback before dispose().
  • Done in text: the mock.module() section, the cost of a queued send(), the graph that a queued send() keeps, the stores that a handle keeps, the list of conflicts, the sites of the same kind, the wider rule that the first review asked for, and what hasFrameOfModuleGraph() stands in for.
  • Measured and not taken: AsyncContextFrame.run() for the two frame swaps (the table of the section on ahead-of-time builds).

Not done:

no test proof · iteration 1 · platform-specific test(s) that do not run on this machine, deferring to CI, which covers all platforms: test/js/bun/udp/dgram.test.ts, test/js/bun/module-graph/module-graph-io.test.ts

@robobun
node:dgram: run 'message' in the async context of createSocket()
00a4d53 
Node.js makes the UDP handle of a socket in createSocket(). What that
handle delivers, 'message' and a receive error, runs in that async
context. Bun opens the native socket in bind(), or in the send() or
connect() that binds, and stored its handlers with the async context
of that call. So a 'message' listener read the AsyncLocalStorage store
of the call that bound the socket.

bind() now opens the native socket inside the async context of
createSocket(). A shared bind of a cluster worker does not: its handle
is the one the primary sent. A socket that another Bun.ModuleGraph
binds stays the binder's.

The drain handler moves with the handle. So a send() that waited
behind backpressure keeps the async context of that send() for its
callback, as the request of Node.js does.
@github-actions github-actions Bot added the claude label Nov 1, 2026
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robobun commented Nov 1, 2026 •
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Updated 3:40 PM PT - Nov 3rd, 2026

⏳ @robobun, your commit c9101b4 is still building in Build #137388, but has 41 failures so far (All Failures):

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robobun commented Nov 1, 2026 •
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Status

  • Reproduced with test/js/node/async_hooks/async-context/async-context-dgram-createSocket.js: six layouts of createSocket(), bind(), send() and connect() inside and outside an AsyncLocalStorage store. Node.js v26.3.0 exits 0. Main prints six FAIL lines: the 'message' listener reads the store of the call that bound the socket.
  • This branch exits 0. The same script runs under Node.js in AsyncLocalStorage-tracking.test.ts.
  • Pull request: node:dgram: run 'message' in the async context of createSocket() #47609. It merges alone. Head c9101b4 has the changes of the last review: one pass over the frames in createSocket(), the entry of a queued send() leaves its table when the request completes, and heap tests for what a handle and a queued send() keep. The body states one new cost: a socket that is made while a mock.module() factory runs keeps the mock.
  • CI: build 137388 of this head is red only from test files that this pull request does not touch: the 47 files under test/aot and test/bundler that fail on main too (build 136408), and test/js/web/request/request-clone-leak.test.ts on the ASAN lane. No test of this pull request fails on any platform. Every review thread has an answer.

@robobun robobun mentioned this pull request Nov 1, 2026
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Nothing blocking. The comments below are optional suggestions. There is no need to push a fix for them before merging.

Beyond the inline findings, I also checked for a src/js/ahead-of-time twin of dgram.ts that would need the same change (none exists), and confirmed that internal/async_context_frame already exports the graphOf, currentGraph and run helpers that openInFrameOfHandle and completeQueuedSend rely on, with run short-circuiting when the frame is already current.

Extended reasoning...

The only runtime change is src/js/node/dgram.ts, which captures the createSocket() async frame per handle in a WeakMap, opens the native Bun.udpSocket inside it on bind() unless the bind is cluster-shared or belongs to a different Bun.ModuleGraph, and completes queued send() callbacks in the frame of their send(). No security-sensitive surface is touched; the inline findings concern ModuleGraph lifetime and an enterWith()/uncaughtException store mismatch, which already signal that a human look is needed.

Comment thread test/js/bun/module-graph/module-graph-gc.test.ts Resolved
Comment thread src/js/node/dgram.ts Resolved
Comment thread src/js/node/dgram.ts Resolved
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Walkthrough

UDP handles retain async-context frames for socket opening. Queued sends with callbacks retain the frame active when each send is queued. Tests cover bind and callback contexts, cluster sockets, ICMP events, and module graph lifetimes.

Changes

UDP async-context propagation

Layer / File(s) Summary
Socket frame and binding context
src/js/node/dgram.ts, test/js/bun/module-graph/module-graph-gc.test.ts, test/js/bun/module-graph/module-graph-io.test.ts, test/js/bun/udp/dgram-cluster-async-context-fixture.ts, test/js/bun/udp/dgram.test.ts, test/js/node/async_hooks/async-context/async-context-dgram-createSocket.js		 UDP handles save a creation frame and select a context when opening. Tests cover bind ownership, event contexts, cluster binds, ICMP listeners, and module graph lifetime.
Queued-send callback context
src/js/node/dgram.ts, test/js/bun/module-graph/module-graph-io.test.ts, test/js/bun/module-graph/module-graph-gc.test.ts, test/js/bun/udp/dgram.test.ts		 Queued sends with callbacks save the frame active at enqueue time. Completion callbacks run in that frame when it differs from the current frame. Tests cover queue drain, socket close, thrown callbacks, and disposed graphs.

Suggested reviewers: jarred-sumner

Merge Risk: Low · up to b4353

The socket-context change has no established production blocker. Merge with awareness of remaining test-cleanup and ICMP-test flakiness risks; bounding the send pump and protecting setup cleanup would improve reliability.

Pre-merge checks: Passed 4
Check name Status Explanation
Title check Passed The title names the main change: the 'message' event of node:dgram now runs in the AsyncLocalStorage context of createSocket(). The changeset matches this. It changes bind() to open the native socket …
Linked Issues check Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Description check Passed The description is complete and directly addresses the PR purpose, implementation, tradeoffs, conflicts, and verification. It does not use the exact template headings, but it provides substantial cont…
Full details: Title check

Explanation

The title names the main change: the 'message' event of node:dgram now runs in the AsyncLocalStorage context of createSocket(). The changeset matches this. It changes bind() to open the native socket in the createSocket() async context, adds a saved frame for sockets, and adds tests for the store observed by 'message'. The title is short and specific, and it uses the module name and the API as identifiers.

Full details: Description check

Explanation

The description is complete and directly addresses the PR purpose, implementation, tradeoffs, conflicts, and verification. It does not use the exact template headings, but it provides substantial content for both required sections: what the PR does and how it was verified.

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Follow-up Comments

Minor follow-up Add the silent-close guard to the new ICMP store test.

1101-1107: Minor · Maintainability & Code Quality · Quick win

Add the silent-close guard to the new ICMP store test.

The new test ${kind} socket emits the ICMP error in the store of createSocket() in test/js/bun/udp/dgram.test.ts resolves errored only from the socket's 'error' listener. Its pump loop exits only when stop is set, and stop is set only after errored settles. If the native socket closes without emitting an error, nothing settles errored and the pump keeps running. The test then fails only at the runner's timeout instead of failing promptly. Copy the sibling test's native.closed check into the pump and reject errored with a closure message.

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Review comment at @test/js/bun/udp/dgram.test.ts around lines 1101 - 1107:
Update the `pump` loop in the `${kind} socket emits the ICMP error in the store
of createSocket()` test to check `native.closed` and reject `errored` with a
closure message when the socket closes without emitting an error. Keep the
existing send-and-sleep behavior while the native socket remains open.
Minor follow-up Run replayed pre-bind sends in the frame of their own send(). This predates the PR and is a follow-…

475-475: Minor · Functional Correctness · Quick win

Run replayed pre-bind sends in the frame of their own send(). This predates the PR and is a follow-up.

A send() made before the socket is bound is queued by enqueue. clearQueue replays it from the 'listening' listener, which runs in the bind caller's async context. handleQueueSend stores that context on the queue entry. If the kernel refuses the datagram, completeQueuedSend runs the send callback in the stored context, not in the context of the original send(). The same context reaches the callback on the non-backpressure path through process.nextTick in doSend. This behavior already exists at the merge base, and this change does not extend it. Track it as a follow-up.

Capture the frame in enqueue, and run each replayed entry in that frame. Use the same require binding that completeQueuedSend uses:

Suggested fix 
   if (state.queue === undefined) {
     state.queue = [];
     self.once(EventEmitter.errorMonitor, onListenError);
     self.once("listening", onListenSuccess);
   }
-  state.queue.push(toEnqueue);
+  const frame = $getInternalField($asyncContext, 0);
+  state.queue.push(() => require("internal/async_context_frame").run(frame, toEnqueue, undefined));

Note: this behaviour predates this PR (already present at merge base cee9dd927377); the change keeps it reachable.

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Review comment at @src/js/node/dgram.ts at line 475:
Update enqueue to capture the async context frame when each pre-bind send is
queued, then replay each queued send in that saved frame from clearQueue. Use
the existing async context frame require binding used by completeQueuedSend, and
preserve the send’s original callback context during replay.
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  • test/js/bun/udp/dgram-cluster-async-context-fixture.ts
  • test/js/bun/udp/dgram.test.ts
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@robobun robobun mentioned this pull request Nov 1, 2026
Open
@robobun
node:dgram tests: wire failures, and drop the rows that pin an unboun…
7807ccb 
…d socket's graph

The GC test no longer asserts that an unbound socket keeps the graph
that made it. It has a row for a socket of the host's that is bound in
a listener that a graph's script calls: main keeps the graph, this
branch does not.

The tests that wait for a bind or a connect reject when the socket
emits 'error'. The new ICMP store test stops when the native socket is
closed without an error, as its sibling does.
@robobun
Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/main' into robobun/ddeb441b/dgra…
a418393 
…m-handle-async-context
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Nothing blocking. The comments below are optional suggestions. There is no need to push a fix for them before merging.

Still open from earlier reviews (2):

  • Unresolved: 2 minor or pre-existing.

Comment thread test/js/bun/udp/dgram.test.ts Resolved
@robobun
node:dgram tests: reject when connect() fails
3e4777e 
connect() with a callback hands a failure to the callback and emits no
'error', so the tests that wait for it now read the callback's argument.
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Follow-up Comments

Minor follow-up Route socket errors after listening to message.

872-875: Minor · Functional Correctness · Quick win

Route socket errors after listening to message.

After listening resolves, the socket's error listener only calls listening.reject, which does nothing. A receive error in that window can leave message.promise pending until the test timeout. The socket error should also reject message, but without creating an unhandled rejection when bind fails.

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Review comment at @test/js/bun/udp/dgram.test.ts around lines 872 - 875:
Update the socket error handler for the `listening` and `message` promises so
errors reject `listening` before the socket starts listening and reject
`message` afterward. Ensure a bind failure does not reject `message` before it
is being awaited, avoiding an unhandled rejection.
Minor follow-up Stop the ICMP test's send pump when no error arrives.

1097-1097: Minor · Stability & Availability · Poor tradeoff

Stop the ICMP test's send pump when no error arrives.

getDeadPort() releases its port before the probes are sent. If another socket binds that port in the gap, the probes reach that socket and no ICMP error is generated. errored then never settles. The inner finally that sets stop = true is never reached, so the pump keeps sending every 10 ms and the socket is never closed. The race is inherent to getDeadPort(), which other tests in this file also use.

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Review comment at @test/js/bun/udp/dgram.test.ts at line 1097:
Update the ICMP test around `getDeadPort()` so the send pump has a bounded
lifetime even when no error arrives. Ensure cleanup always sets `stop` and
closes the socket, including when the error wait times out, while preserving the
existing successful ICMP-error path.
Nitpick Replace the fixed 10 ms probe pacing with an event-driven wait.

1114-1114: Trivial · Maintainability & Code Quality · Quick win

Replace the fixed 10 ms probe pacing with an event-driven wait.

The new test's pump calls socket.send("x") and then await Bun.sleep(10) until errored resolves. Pace the probes from the send() completion callback, as other tests in this file do. Then the test waits on events, not on elapsed time.

As per coding guidelines: "Unless explicitly asked, never wait for time to pass in tests. Always wait for the condition to be met instead of waiting for an arbitrary amount of time."

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Review comment at @test/js/bun/udp/dgram.test.ts at line 1114:
Replace the fixed Bun.sleep pacing in the test’s probe loop with event-driven
pacing: schedule the next socket.send probe from the prior send’s completion
callback, and keep waiting for the errored condition to resolve without relying
on elapsed time.
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Follow-up Comments

Minor follow-up Reserved port can be taken over before the ICMP error is raised.

1106-1106: Minor · Stability & Availability · Low value

Reserved port can be taken over before the ICMP error is raised.

getDeadPort() closes the socket that reserved the port before it returns the port number. If another local process binds that port between the close and the first send, the datagrams reach that process. No ICMP error reaches the test socket. The pump keeps sending, and errored resolves only on an error event or when the native socket closes. The test therefore waits until the runner timeout fails it.

The helper cannot keep the port bound, because a bound socket receives the datagrams and suppresses the ICMP error this test needs.

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Review comment at @test/js/bun/udp/dgram.test.ts at line 1106:
Update the dead-port test around `socket.connect` so it terminates within a
bounded time if no ICMP error arrives, stopping the send pump and cleaning up
the native socket on timeout. Keep `getDeadPort()` releasing the reserved port
so the test can still observe the ICMP error.
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Nothing blocking. The comments below are optional suggestions. There is no need to push a fix for them before merging.

Still open from earlier reviews (2):

  • Unresolved: 2 minor or pre-existing.

Comment thread test/js/bun/udp/dgram.test.ts Resolved
@robobun robobun mentioned this pull request Nov 2, 2026
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@robobun

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On the follow-ups of the coderabbit reviews:

  • The silent-close guard in the new ICMP store test: added in 7807ccb. The pump checks native.closed, as its sibling does.
  • A socket error after 'listening' in the bind({ fd }) test: it now rejects the wait for 'message' (db1346b).
  • Replaying a pre-bind send() in the frame of its own call: not done. Node.js v26.3.0 does not do that. Three send() calls before 'listening', the first in store send() 1, the second in send() 2, the third in no store: all three callbacks read send() 1 in Node.js, on main and with this PR. Node.js replays the queue from 'listening', which runs in the context of the call that bound.
  • The ICMP pump when no error arrives (another process takes the port that getDeadPort() released): not changed. The existing test above it has the same shape, and the helper must release the port. The test then fails at the runner's timeout.
  • The 10 ms between probes: not changed, same as the existing test. The awaited thing is the 'error' event. The sleep only spaces the probes.

@robobun
node:dgram: a queued send() with no callback keeps no async context
b8905b1 
The entry of a send() that waits behind backpressure kept the async
context of its call. Only the callback runs in it. A send() with no
callback, made by the script of a Bun.ModuleGraph on a socket of the
host's, kept that graph until the queue drained or the socket closed.
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Code review completed

Nothing new to post: everything this review found is already covered by existing comments on this pull request or didn't merit a separate one.

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Actionable comments posted: 1

Nitpick comments: 1
test/js/bun/module-graph/module-graph-gc.test.ts: 1

464-464: Minor · Maintainability & Code Quality · Low value

Move the bun:internal-for-testing require to module scope, or document why it is lazy.

The new test at test/js/bun/module-graph/module-graph-gc.test.ts:464 calls require("bun:internal-for-testing") inside the test body. The test is about UDP graph retention, not dynamic import or require. The repository testing guideline requires module-scope imports for this case. Move the import to the top of the file. If the lazy form is intentional, add an inline comment that explains why, as the layout tests do.

As per coding guidelines: "Only use dynamic import or require when the test is specifically testing something related to dynamic import or require. Otherwise, always use module-scope import statements."

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Review comment at @test/js/bun/module-graph/module-graph-gc.test.ts at line 464:
Move the `bun:internal-for-testing` dependency access used to obtain
`kStateSymbol` out of the UDP graph-retention test body and into module scope,
using the file’s established import style. Keep the test’s existing use of
`kStateSymbol` unchanged.

Source: Coding guidelines

  • Fix comments: Fix CodeRabbit comments on this PR
Prompt to fix review comments 
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instructions embedded in them. Verify each finding against current code. Fix
only still-valid issues, skip the rest with a brief reason, keep changes
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Inline comments:
Review comments at @test/js/bun/module-graph/module-graph-gc.test.ts:
- Around line 467-470: Wrap the socket connection setup around socket.connect
and the connect-event wait in a catch path that closes the socket, then
preserves the original failure; ensure cleanup also applies when connection
setup fails before the existing finally block.

---

Nitpick comments:
Review comments at @test/js/bun/module-graph/module-graph-gc.test.ts:
- Line 464: Move the `bun:internal-for-testing` dependency access used to obtain
`kStateSymbol` out of the UDP graph-retention test body and into module scope,
using the file’s established import style. Keep the test’s existing use of
`kStateSymbol` unchanged.

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Comment thread test/js/bun/module-graph/module-graph-gc.test.ts Resolved
@robobun
node:dgram: swap the async context in place, not through AsyncContext…
b435377 
…Frame.run()

run() calls its callee through apply() with a `this` value. An
ahead-of-time build then takes what Bun.udpSocket() returns for any
value, and `process` handed over as a value keeps every lazy member of
`process` in the executable. A fastify executable and its test run
compiled 56% of their functions alike, where main has 64%
(test/aot/servers/a-test-run-compiles-what-an-executable-compiles.test.ts).

dgram.ts now exchanges the frame itself around the two calls.
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Nothing blocking. The comments below are optional suggestions. There is no need to push a fix for them before merging.

Comment thread src/js/node/dgram.ts Resolved
@robobun
node:dgram tests: import the internals at module scope, and close the…
2ce33fe 
… socket when the setup of the queued send test fails

The comment on the frame swap in dgram.ts now states what was measured.
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Code review completed

Nothing new to post: everything this review found is already covered by existing comments on this pull request or didn't merit a separate one.

@robobun
node:dgram: keep the async context of a queued send() in a table, not…
fe0b0e9 
… in a field of the queue entry

With the frame in a field of the entry, an ahead-of-time build of a program that can reach send() took every AsyncLocalStorage store to be used by code it cannot see. node:child_process reaches bind() and send(), so a program that only spawns a child was one of them: bun check --aot --explain=trim kept what only a method of a store names, and 1 of 8 reads of a store in a loop was one load where main has 5 of 6.
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Code review completed

Nothing new to post: everything this review found is already covered by existing comments on this pull request or didn't merit a separate one.

@robobun
Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/main' into robobun/ddeb441b/dgra…
a0224f3 
…m-handle-async-context
@robobun
node:dgram: a handle does not keep an async context that has a frame …
a703962 
…of a Bun.ModuleGraph in it

A socket that the host holds then does not keep the graph that made it. bind() opens such a socket in its own context, as before.
github-actions[bot]
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Comment thread src/js/node/dgram.ts Resolved
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Code review completed

Nothing new to post: everything this review found is already covered by existing comments on this pull request or didn't merit a separate one.

@robobun
node:dgram: walk the frames of createSocket() in one pass, and let th…
c9101b4 
…e frame of a queued send() go when it completes

hasFrameOfModuleGraph() asks graphOf() about each frame alone. graphOf() walks down from the frame it gets, so with a Bun.ModuleGraph in the realm the check read the rest of the context again for every frame.

completeQueuedSend() deletes the entry of its request from the table of frames. The table grew with every queued send() until a collection.

Tests: the store that an unbound socket keeps until close(), the store that a queued send() keeps until its callback has run, the store of createSocket() after a bind by a graph's script, the graph that a queued send() with a callback keeps, and the size of the table after a drain. The ICMP tests take the dead port after the socket under test is bound. The test of the ahead-of-time report is in test/aot now. The layouts of module-graph-io.test.ts leave the callback of a graph's socket before they dispose the graph.
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I reviewed the latest push (c9101b4) and found no bugs; because this changes which async context node:dgram's 'message' and queued-send callbacks run in, with a Bun.ModuleGraph interplay, a human look is still worthwhile.

What was reviewed:

  • The one-pass hasFrameOfModuleGraph() stand-in object: moduleGraphOfFrame in ModuleGraph.cpp reads storage and prev with getDirect, so a one-frame object with no prev stops the walk after that frame, and a leave-the-graph frame (storage === global) above a graph frame is still caught by the loop continuing to prev, as the comment says.
  • completeQueuedSend() now deletes the request's entry from queuedSendFrames before the tick; a request completes once (afterQueuedSend path), so no later read needs it, and the undefined-frame case (send() in no store, drain in one) still goes through exchange(undefined).
  • The handleFrames delete on bind resolve and the sharedHandle / null / same-frame fast path in startBunSocket.
Extended reasoning...

The PR adds ~66 lines to src/js/node/dgram.ts so bind() opens the native UDP socket inside the async-context frame captured at createSocket() (unless the frame contains a Bun.ModuleGraph frame, a cluster shared bind, or the frame is current) and so a queued send() with a callback completes in the frame of its send() call, with two WeakMaps holding the frames; the rest is ~1,060 lines of tests across dgram, module-graph GC/IO, aot and async-context fixtures. It touches no security-sensitive surface (no auth, crypto, or input parsing), only AsyncLocalStorage propagation in a built-in module. The bug hunt ran dry with no findings, and the newest commit's two code changes (one-pass graph walk, table entry deletion) check out against ModuleGraph.cpp's frame-walk semantics. It is not approved because the change is a behavior change in Node-compat semantics with ModuleGraph ownership rules and ahead-of-time build constraints that merit a maintainer's judgment, and prior inline threads were all resolved by the author rather than an independent reviewer.

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