fix(evm-rpc): treat transaction nonce as optional for OP-stack deposit txs

common/changes/@subsquid/evm-normalization/alert-fix-YgI6h3-optimism-deposit-nonce_2026-07-22-07-02.json

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "changes": [
+    {
+      "packageName": "@subsquid/evm-normalization",
+      "comment": "Treat normalized transaction `nonce` as optional so OP-stack deposit txs (type 0x7e) that omit it no longer fail mapping",
+      "type": "patch"
+    }
+  ],
+  "packageName": "@subsquid/evm-normalization"
+}

common/changes/@subsquid/evm-rpc/alert-fix-YgI6h3-optimism-deposit-nonce_2026-07-22-07-02.json

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "changes": [
+    {
+      "packageName": "@subsquid/evm-rpc",
+      "comment": "Treat transaction `nonce` as optional so OP-stack deposit txs (type 0x7e) that omit it (e.g. from Alchemy) no longer fail validation",
+      "type": "patch"
+    }
+  ],
+  "packageName": "@subsquid/evm-rpc"
+}

evm/evm-normalization/src/data.ts

@@ -172,7 +172,8 @@ export interface TempoFeePayerSignature {
 export interface Transaction {
     transactionIndex: number,
     hash: Bytes32,
-    nonce: number,
+    // Optional for OP-stack deposit (0x7e) transactions, which some providers omit `nonce` for
+    nonce?: number,
     from: Bytes20,
     to?: Bytes20,
     // Optional for Tempo 0x76 transactions which use batched `calls` instead of `input`

evm/evm-normalization/src/mapping.ts

@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ function mapTransaction(src: rpc.Transaction, receipt?: rpc.Receipt): Transactio
     return {
         transactionIndex: qty2Int(src.transactionIndex),
         hash: src.hash,
-        nonce: qty2Int(src.nonce),
+        nonce: src.nonce != null ? qty2Int(src.nonce) : undefined,
         from: src.from.toLowerCase(),
         to: src.to ? src.to.toLowerCase() : undefined,
         input: src.input ?? undefined,

evm/evm-rpc/src/rpc-data.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import {describe, it, expect} from 'vitest'
+import {cast} from '@subsquid/util-internal-validation'
+import {Transaction} from './rpc-data'
+
+// Real optimism-mainnet block 0x93570f5 tx[0] as returned by Alchemy: an
+// OP-stack deposit transaction (type 0x7e). Alchemy omits the `nonce` field
+// for these system transactions (Dwellir/geth include it), so the validator
+// must treat `nonce` as optional or it crashes the dumper on every OP block.
+const ALCHEMY_DEPOSIT_TX = {
+    type: '0x7e',
+    sourceHash: '0x74e8e903225d29359d3e2b53682e28da2e415872533659255f28951e4e1c3af1',
+    from: '0xdeaddeaddeaddeaddeaddeaddeaddeaddead0001',
+    to: '0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000015',
+    mint: '0x0',
+    value: '0x0',
+    gas: '0xf4240',
+    input: '0x3db6be2b0000146b000f79c50000000000000003000000006a5ebb53000000000186480000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000045488f6000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000039ef561076949313403c81113fe7b7de83f0e1686e0df1afbfd2112469530562d0bb8e0000000000000000000000006887246668a3b87f54deb3b94ba47a6f63f329850000000000000000000000000190',
+    hash: '0x0ba6943635ddd8ea164cd7945dd35f69a2ca6dab7b58bdf23ca1512c30d950ad',
+    r: '0x0',
+    s: '0x0',
+    yParity: '0x0',
+    v: '0x0',
+    blockHash: '0x0607985081d5cd537cd4ab5fb7159cf6d1e92d5009c6cb03a617d4240ee03b4d',
+    blockNumber: '0x93570f5',
+    transactionIndex: '0x0',
+    blockTimestamp: '0x6a5ebba3',
+    gasPrice: '0x0',
+    // note: no `nonce`
+}
+
+describe('Transaction validation', () => {
+    it('accepts an OP-stack deposit tx (0x7e) that omits nonce', () => {
+        const tx = cast(Transaction, ALCHEMY_DEPOSIT_TX)
+        expect(tx.type).toBe(0x7e)
+        expect(tx.nonce).toBeUndefined()
+    })
+
+    it('still parses nonce when present', () => {
+        const tx = cast(Transaction, {...ALCHEMY_DEPOSIT_TX, nonce: '0x2efae9e'})
+        expect(tx.nonce).toBe(0x2efae9e)
+    })
+})

evm/evm-rpc/src/rpc-data.ts

@@ -258,7 +258,9 @@ export const Transaction = object({
     input: option(BYTES),
     maxFeePerGas: option(QTY),
     maxPriorityFeePerGas: option(QTY),
-    nonce: SMALL_QTY,
+    // Optional: OP-stack deposit transactions (type 0x7e) may omit `nonce`
+    // entirely (e.g. Alchemy), so it can't be required for every tx type.
+    nonce: option(SMALL_QTY),
     v: option(QTY),
     r: option(BYTES),
     s: option(BYTES),

evm/evm-rpc/src/rpc.ts

@@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ export class Rpc {
         // Group all txs by (sender, nonce) so we can detect multi-tx-per-nonce cases.
         let txsBySenderNonce = new Map<string, Transaction[]>()
         for (let tx of transactions) {
-            let key = `${tx.from}:${qty2Int(tx.nonce)}`
+            let key = `${tx.from}:${qty2Int(assertNotNull(tx.nonce, 'tx.nonce is missing'))}`
             let list = txsBySenderNonce.get(key)
             if (list == null) {
                 list = []
@@ -540,7 +540,7 @@ export class Rpc {
         let phantomHashes = new Set<string>()
         for (let candidate of candidates) {
             let nonceAfter = nonceAfterBySender.get(candidate.from)!
-            let txNonce = qty2Int(candidate.nonce)
+            let txNonce = qty2Int(assertNotNull(candidate.nonce, 'tx.nonce is missing'))
 
             if (txNonce >= nonceAfter) {
                 // Nonce not consumed at this block — definitely phantom.

evm/evm-rpc/src/verification.ts

@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ function encodeTransaction(tx: Transaction): Buffer {
     if (tx.type == '0x0') {
         return Buffer.from(
             RLP.encode([
-                BigInt(tx.nonce),
+                BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.nonce, 'tx.nonce is missing')),
                 BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.gasPrice, 'tx.gasPrice is missing')),
                 BigInt(tx.gas),
                 tx.to ? decodeHex(tx.to) : Buffer.alloc(0),
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ function encodeTransaction(tx: Transaction): Buffer {
     } else if (tx.type == '0x1') {
         let payload = RLP.encode([
             BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.chainId, 'tx.chainId is missing')),
-            BigInt(tx.nonce),
+            BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.nonce, 'tx.nonce is missing')),
             BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.gasPrice, 'tx.gasPrice is missing')),
             BigInt(tx.gas),
             tx.to ? decodeHex(tx.to) : Buffer.alloc(0),
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ function encodeTransaction(tx: Transaction): Buffer {
     } else if (tx.type == '0x2') {
         let payload = RLP.encode([
             BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.chainId, 'tx.chainId is missing')),
-            BigInt(tx.nonce),
+            BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.nonce, 'tx.nonce is missing')),
             BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.maxPriorityFeePerGas, 'tx.maxPriorityFeePerGas is missing')),
             BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.maxFeePerGas, 'tx.maxFeePerGas is missing')),
             BigInt(tx.gas),
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ function encodeTransaction(tx: Transaction): Buffer {
         // https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4844
         let payload = RLP.encode([
             BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.chainId, 'tx.chainId is missing')),
-            BigInt(tx.nonce),
+            BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.nonce, 'tx.nonce is missing')),
             BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.maxPriorityFeePerGas, 'tx.maxPriorityFeePerGas is missing')),
             BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.maxFeePerGas, 'tx.maxFeePerGas is missing')),
             BigInt(tx.gas),
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ function encodeTransaction(tx: Transaction): Buffer {
         // https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7702
         let payload = RLP.encode([
             BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.chainId, 'tx.chainId is missing')),
-            BigInt(tx.nonce),
+            BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.nonce, 'tx.nonce is missing')),
             BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.maxPriorityFeePerGas, 'tx.maxPriorityFeePerGas is missing')),
             BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.maxFeePerGas, 'tx.maxFeePerGas is missing')),
             BigInt(tx.gas),
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ function encodeTransaction(tx: Transaction): Buffer {
         let payload = RLP.encode([
             BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.chainId, 'tx.chainId is missing')),
             decodeHex(tx.from),
-            BigInt(tx.nonce),
+            BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.nonce, 'tx.nonce is missing')),
             BigInt(tx.gasPrice ?? 0),
             BigInt(tx.gas),
             tx.to ? decodeHex(tx.to) : Buffer.alloc(0),
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ function encodeTransaction(tx: Transaction): Buffer {
         // https://github.com/OffchainLabs/go-ethereum/blob/7503143fd13f73e46a966ea2c42a058af96f7fcf/core/types/arb_types.go#L161
         let payload = RLP.encode([
             BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.chainId, 'tx.chainId is missing')),
-            BigInt(tx.nonce),
+            BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.nonce, 'tx.nonce is missing')),
             decodeHex(tx.from),
             BigInt(tx.gasPrice ?? 0),
             BigInt(tx.gas),
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ function encodeTransaction(tx: Transaction): Buffer {
         // EIP-1559 base fields + nonceKey and timeoutTimestamp appended after the signature
         let payload = RLP.encode([
             BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.chainId, 'tx.chainId is missing')),
-            BigInt(tx.nonce),
+            BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.nonce, 'tx.nonce is missing')),
             BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.maxPriorityFeePerGas, 'tx.maxPriorityFeePerGas is missing')),
             BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.maxFeePerGas, 'tx.maxFeePerGas is missing')),
             BigInt(tx.gas),
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ function encodeTempoTransactionFields(tx: Transaction): any[] {
         assertNotNull(tx.calls, 'tx.calls is missing for 0x76 tx').map(encodeTempoCall),
         decodeAccessList(tx.accessList ?? []),
         BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.nonceKey, 'tx.nonceKey is missing for 0x76 tx')),
-        BigInt(tx.nonce),
+        BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.nonce, 'tx.nonce is missing')),
         // valid_before: u64 when present, 0x80 (empty string) when null
         tx.validBefore != null ? BigInt(tx.validBefore) : Buffer.alloc(0),
         // valid_after: u64 when present, 0x80 (empty string) when null
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ function encodeTempoTransactionFieldsForSigning(tx: Transaction): any[] {
         assertNotNull(tx.calls, 'tx.calls is missing for 0x76 tx').map(encodeTempoCall),
         decodeAccessList(tx.accessList ?? []),
         BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.nonceKey, 'tx.nonceKey is missing for 0x76 tx')),
-        BigInt(tx.nonce),
+        BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.nonce, 'tx.nonce is missing')),
         tx.validBefore != null ? BigInt(tx.validBefore) : Buffer.alloc(0),
         tx.validAfter != null ? BigInt(tx.validAfter) : Buffer.alloc(0),
         // fee_token: skipped when fee_payer_signature is present
@@ -803,7 +803,7 @@ export function isBloomSuperset(superset: string, subset: string): boolean {
 function serializeTransaction(tx: Transaction): Uint8Array | undefined {
     if (tx.type == '0x0') {
         let fields = [
-            BigInt(tx.nonce),
+            BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.nonce, 'tx.nonce is missing')),
             BigInt(tx.gasPrice ?? 0),
             BigInt(tx.gas),
             tx.to ? decodeHex(tx.to) : Buffer.alloc(0),
@@ -820,7 +820,7 @@ function serializeTransaction(tx: Transaction): Uint8Array | undefined {
     } else if (tx.type == '0x1') {
         let payload = RLP.encode([
             BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.chainId, 'tx.chainId is missing')),
-            BigInt(tx.nonce),
+            BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.nonce, 'tx.nonce is missing')),
             BigInt(tx.gasPrice ?? 0),
             BigInt(tx.gas),
             tx.to ? decodeHex(tx.to) : Buffer.alloc(0),
@@ -832,7 +832,7 @@ function serializeTransaction(tx: Transaction): Uint8Array | undefined {
     } else if (tx.type == '0x2') {
         let payload = RLP.encode([
             BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.chainId, 'tx.chainId is missing')),
-            BigInt(tx.nonce),
+            BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.nonce, 'tx.nonce is missing')),
             BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.maxPriorityFeePerGas, 'tx.maxPriorityFeePerGas is missing')),
             BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.maxFeePerGas, 'tx.maxFeePerGas is missing')),
             BigInt(tx.gas),
@@ -845,7 +845,7 @@ function serializeTransaction(tx: Transaction): Uint8Array | undefined {
     } else if (tx.type == '0x3') {
         let payload = RLP.encode([
             BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.chainId, 'tx.chainId is missing')),
-            BigInt(tx.nonce),
+            BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.nonce, 'tx.nonce is missing')),
             BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.maxPriorityFeePerGas, 'tx.maxPriorityFeePerGas is missing')),
             BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.maxFeePerGas, 'tx.maxFeePerGas is missing')),
             BigInt(tx.gas),
@@ -860,7 +860,7 @@ function serializeTransaction(tx: Transaction): Uint8Array | undefined {
     } else if (tx.type == '0x4') {
         let payload = RLP.encode([
             BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.chainId, 'tx.chainId is missing')),
-            BigInt(tx.nonce),
+            BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.nonce, 'tx.nonce is missing')),
             BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.maxPriorityFeePerGas, 'tx.maxPriorityFeePerGas is missing')),
             BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.maxFeePerGas, 'tx.maxFeePerGas is missing')),
             BigInt(tx.gas),
@@ -893,7 +893,7 @@ function serializeTransaction(tx: Transaction): Uint8Array | undefined {
         // Stable v1.4.0 custom transaction type — signing payload (no signature)
         let payload = RLP.encode([
             BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.chainId, 'tx.chainId is missing')),
-            BigInt(tx.nonce),
+            BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.nonce, 'tx.nonce is missing')),
             BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.maxPriorityFeePerGas, 'tx.maxPriorityFeePerGas is missing')),
             BigInt(assertNotNull(tx.maxFeePerGas, 'tx.maxFeePerGas is missing')),
             BigInt(tx.gas),